Engaging Ethics in Architecture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drawing in Ethics in Architecture - Assignment Example Notwithstanding giving a depiction of the different moral concerns inserted in engineering, this report goes further to place into point of view how planners may fuse morals into their training with various partners. Engineering is one of those delicate expert fields that present genuine negative effects on the partners included at whatever point moral principles are disregarded. Basically, engineering morals characterize the ethical obligation to make the best decision or settle on the privilege and best choice on assortment of circumstances as referenced in the presentation. Building work includes the thought of a rich mix of social decent varieties. This requires the requirement for anybody in this calling to consider the social points of view that may come up whenever in the workplace. This is one more pointer regarding why morals might be essential for the compositional calling. Proficient morals will request that people have the option to convey elevated requirements of adminis tration in their expert purview without bargain on grounds of social assorted varieties. Engineering, in itself, has a moral nature. As put plainly, it is one of the procedures that are associated with the beautification of man’s characteristic environment, to improve as a spot (Wasserman, Barry, Gregory, and Patrick 13). This gives a road to the man to discover fulfillment, both in the otherworldly and enthusiastic setting. In that capacity, the structural experts are obliged to go to the acknowledgment that their calling isn't just about adhering to a lot of guidelines or getting things done for it. Or maybe, they have to go to a cognizant information that they are effectively engaged with the way toward achieving satisfaction in human life. They are likewise a focal piece of the enthusiastic and otherworldly angles that make life worth living. Morals, being a basic piece of the structural calling, will, along these lines, direct all the choices made by anybody in that fiel d.â

Chevrolet Corvette Free Essays

Third era C3 (1968â€1982) Main article: Chevrolet Corvette (C3) [pic] 1971 Corvette Stingray Convertible The third era Corvette, designed after the Mako Shark II concept vehicle, was presented for the 1968 model year and was underway until 1982. C3 roadsters included the principal use ofT-topâ removable rooftop boards. It presented monikers that were later resuscitated, for example, LT-1, ZR-1, and Collector Edition. We will compose a custom exposition test on Chevrolet Corvette or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now In 1978, the Corvette’s 25th commemoration was praised with a two-tone Silver Anniversary Edition and an Indy Pace Car reproduction version of the C3. This was additionally the first occasion when that a Corvette was utilized as a Pace Car for the Indianapolis 500. [26] Engines and suspension parts were generally persisted from the C2, yet the body and inside were new. The 350â cuâ in (5. 7 L) motor supplanted the old 327â cuâ in (5. 36 L) as the base motor in 1969, however power stayed at 300â bhp (224 kW). 1969 was the main year for a C3 to alternatively offer either an industrial facility introduced side fumes or typical back exit with chrome tips. The all-aluminum ZL1 motor was likewise new for 1969; the unique large square motor was recorded at 430-hp (320 kW), yet was accounted for to deliver 560â hp (420 kW) and moved a ZL1 through the 1/4 mile in 10. 89 seconds. [27] There was an all-inclusive creation run for the 1969â model yearâ due an extensive work strike, which implied deals were down on the 1970 models, to 17,316. [28]â 1970 little square force crested with the discretionary high pressure, high-firing up LT-1 that created 370â bhp (276 kW). The 427 major square was amplified to 454â cuâ in (7. 44 L) with a 390â bhp (291 kW) rating. The ZR-1 extraordinary bundle was an alternative accessible on the 1970 through 1972 model years, and incorporated the LT-1 motor joined with unique dashing gear. Just 53 ZR-1’s were constructed. [29] [pic] 1973 Corvette Stingray Coupe In 1971, to suit normal low-lead fuel with lower hostile to thump properties, the motor pressure proportions were brought down which brought about diminished force appraisals. The force rating for the 350â cuâ in (5. 7 L) L48 base motor diminished from 300 to 270 torque and the discretionary exceptional superior LT1 motor diminished from 370 to 330 strength. The huge block LS6 454â was diminished from 450 to 425â bhp (317 kW), however it was not utilized in Corvettes for 1970; it was utilized in the Chevelle SS. For the 1972 model year, GM moved to the SAE Netâ measurement which brought about additionally decreased, yet progressively practical, power appraisals than the past SAE Gross norm. [12] Although the 1972 model’s 350â cuâ in (5. 7 L) pull was really equivalent to that for the 1971 model year, the lower net torque numbers were utilized rather than net strength. The L48 base motor was presently evaluated at 200â bhp (150 kW) and the discretionary LT1 motor was currently appraised at 270â bhp (200 kW). [12]â 1974 models had the last evident double fumes framework that was dropped on the 1975 models with the presentation ofcatalytic convertersâ requiring the utilization of no-lead fuel. Motor force diminished with the base ZQ3 motor delivering 165â bhp (123 kW), the discretionary L82’s yield 205â bhp (153 kW), while the 454 major square motor was ceased. Slow force increments after 1975 topped with the 1980 model’s discretionary L82 delivering 230â bhp (172 kW). [9] Styling changed unobtrusively all through the age until 1978 for the car’s 25th commemoration. The Sting Ray nameplate was not utilized on the 1968 model, yet Chevrolet still alluded to the Corvette as a Sting Ray; nonetheless, the 1969 (through 1976) models utilized the â€Å"Stingray† name as single word, without the space. [30] In 1970, the body configuration was refreshed including bumper flares, and insides were refined, which included updated seats. Because of government regulation,[citation needed]â the 1973 Corvette’s chrome frontâ bumperâ was changed to a 5-mile-per-hour (8â km/h)system with aâ urethaneâ bumper spread. 973 Corvettes are one of a kind in that sense, as they are the main year where the front guard was polyurethane and the back held the chrome two-piece guard set. 1973 was additionally the most recent year chrome guards were utilized. The discretionary wire-spoked wheel covers (left) were offered once and for all in 1973. From 1974 onwards both the front and back guards were polyurethane. [pic] 1974 Corvette Stingray Coupe In 1974, a 5-mile-per-hour (8â km/h) back guard framework with a two-piece, tightening urethane guard spread supplanted the Kamm-tailâ and chrome guard sharp edges, and coordinated the new front plan from the earlier year. 975 was the latest year for the convertible, (which didn't return for a long time) and Dave McLellan succeeded Zora Arkus-Duntovâ as the Corvette’s Chief Engineer. [31] For the 1976 models the fiberglass floor was supplanted with steel boards to give security from theâ catalytic converter’s highâ operating temperature. Stingray 15 model years where the names Corvette, Sting Ray, and Stingray were equal. 1977 was a year ago the burrowed rooftop treatment with vertical back window was utilized, moreover cowhide seats were accessible at no extra expense just because. The dark outside shading returned following a six-year nonappearance. [32] The 1978 25th Anniversary model presented theâ fastbackâ glass back window and included another inside and dashboard. Corvette’s 25th commemoration was commended with the Indy 500 Pace Car restricted version and a Silver Anniversary model highlighting silver over dim lower body paint. Each of the 1979 models included the past year’s pace vehicle situates and offered the front and rearâ spoilersâ as discretionary gear. [13] In 1980, the Corvette got an integratedaerodynamicâ redesign that brought about a huge decrease inâ drag. Following quite a while of weight increments, 1980 Corvettes were lighter as architects cut both body and body weight. [8] In mid-1981, creation moved from St. Louis, Missouri to Bowling Green, Kentucky, and a few two-tone paint choices were advertised. The 1981 models were the last accessible with a manual transmission until well into the 1984 creation run. In 1982, a fuel-infused motor returned, and a last C3 tribute Collectors Edition highlighted a selective, opening back window incubate. [8] 1980â€1982 [pic] 1980 Corvette Coupe In 1980, both front and back guard covers were restyled with integratedâ aerodynamicspoilers that brought about a critical decrease in drag and expanded radiator wind stream. The hood was likewise restyled. The crossed-banner seals vanished from the front bumpers and were overhauled to an increasingly prolonged style on the button and fuel entryway. L-82 tokens moved from the hood to the front bumpers on vehicles requested with the discretionary elite motor. This was the finale for the L-82, presently creating 230â hp (172 kW) however it couldn't be mated to a 4-speed, as the manual gearbox was offered uniquely with the base motor. The speedometer in all vehicles read to a limit of 85â mph (137â km/h), ordered by another and disputable government law. Cooling got standard, as did the tilt-adaptive guiding section, power windows, outside game mirrors, and the comfort gathering. New was a discretionary rooftop board transporter that would mount to the rearâ fastbackâ deck. [31] Many weight-sparing parts were presented including more slender body boards and an aluminum Dana 44 IRS (Independent Rear Suspension) differential and crossmember. The new lighter unit supplanted the seemingly more grounded cast iron GM 10 jolt IRS differential. [30]In line with further weight reserve funds, the aluminum admission complex related with L-82 motors since 1978 was presently introduced in all vehicles. Just because, because of California emanation contemplations, a one of a kind motor application was introduced in vehicles conveyed to that state and was obligatory. This engine was a 305â cuâ in (5. 0 L) V8 engineâ rated at 180â hp (134 kW), fitted with new rounded tempered steel ventilation systems, and mated to a programmed transmission, likewise obligatory. The carburetor and start timing were constrained by Chevrolet’s new Computer Command Control framework. The littler removal motor was not accessible in some other state. California purchasers were acknowledged $50 as reassurance yet needed to pay for the California emanations confirmation which was $250. For correlation, the L-48 350â cuâ in (5. 7 L) motor, standard in the other 49 states, was appraised at 190â hp (142 kW). The base cost expanded multiple times during the model year raising the expense of the vehicle by more than $1,200 to $14,345,24. [3] In 1981, there was only one powerplant accessible, a 350â cuâ in (5. 7 L) motor that, similar to the L-48 base motor the earlier year, created 190â hp (142 kW), yet was presently assigned the L81. The engine was affirmed in all states and accessible with manual or programmed transmissions. Chrome air cleaner covers and cast magnesium valve conceals dressed all motors. The hardened steel ventilation systems and PC control framework presented on the 305â cuâ in (5. 0 L) California motors the earlier year were currently standard, similar to a helper electric motor cooling fan. This, the last C3 accessible with a manual transmission, so prepared, had a distributed 0-60â mph in 8. 1â seconds. This model year was the first to utilize a plastic back spring, presently a Corvette trademark. The spring spared thirty-six pounds, yet was constrained to base suspensions with programmed transmission. At the point when outfitted with Delco’s new discretionary ETR (Electronically Tuned Receiver) radio with computerized clock, the quartz simple instrument board

A Special Kind of Freedom

A Special Kind of Freedom Our friend Rob sometimes recites a parable about a first-century man who was walking home one night after dining in a nearby village. At one point he encountered a fork in the road: if he took the left path, he would come up against a Roman military outpost; if he veered right, he would find his way home. It was dark, and he was a bit tipsy, so he accidentally took the left path. He soon found himself at a wall manned by a Roman guard who yelled down to him, Who are you, and what are you doing here? The man didnt answer. Who are you, and what are you doing here? The man looked up at the guard, How much are they paying you to do this? The guard was silent for a moment. A hundred denarii, he eventually replied. I will pay you double to come to my house every morning and ask me that same question. When we strive to question everything, our actions become more deliberate. And when we live deliberately, that’s a special kind of freedom. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Life, Especially That Of The Human Variety, Has Many...

Life, especially that of the human variety, has many interconnected meanings, one of the most commonly cited being its biological definition as â€Å"the condition that distinguishes animals, plants, and other organisms from inorganic or inanimate matter, characterized by continuous metabolic activity and the capacity for functions such as growth, development, reproduction, adaptation to the environment, and response to stimulation† (oed.com). Although philosophical and personal interpretations of the meaning of life may modify and expand on this definition, one indisputable fact is that life has continued on this earth chiefly through sexual reproduction. The two are intrinsically linked. As earthly species have evolved to produce†¦show more content†¦It it is difficult, if not impossible, to make informed decisions when one’s education on a subject is incomplete, misleading, flat-out inaccurate, or nonexistent. Before a young adult is permitted to operate a motor vehicle without adult supervision, they are required by law to undergo months of preparation, learning about the importance of safety and discretion on the road. In contrast, youth often encounter their first sexual desires, and even sexual partners, without adequate preparation. These two activities differ in that unprotected sexual activity is not and cannot be regulated by law enforcement the way that unlicensed driving is. Instead, religious institutions have endeavored to police the choices of women through the implementation of abstinence-only-until-marriage (AOUM) curricula. The Welfare Reform Act of 1996 allocated $50 million to abstinence-only sexual education, that, among other things, taught â€Å"abstinence outside of marriage as the expected standard† and â€Å"the only certain way to avoid pregnancy [and sexually transmitted infections,]† states a 2011 Psychology in the Schools article (Walcott, et. al., 829). It is unclear whose best inte rest such a curriculum has at heart. The primary aim ofShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Technology On Society s Society Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pageshundred years ago. The world has not always been the massive and interconnected society that it is today. Populations were often isolated by geography and economics. It has come a long way from the prehistoric times when communications were stories passed down by word of mouth and cave drawings and continues to flourish in a large variety of new and creative ways. From small tribes consisting of hunters and gatherers the world has morphed into a complex and interconnected group of diverse people thatRead MoreVirtues, As Described By Aristotle, Are Qualities That980 Words   |  4 PagesVirtues, as described by Aristotle, are qualities that help an individual to flourish and reach their potential, thus living â€Å"the good life.† These qualities manifest themselves daily, throughout all of our lives, though some, especially those t hat are intellectually based, are ever important to those working within information technology based fields. These virtues may help guide what companies we choose to devote our skillset to, or perhaps what decisions we make when designing software. They mayRead MoreSexuality : A Diverse Population Of People And Cultures1507 Words   |  7 Pagesimmensely grateful for as it allowed me to gain a greater understanding for others. Specifically, I have encountered a variety of sexual preferences and identities. With exposure to both social media outlets, like Twitter and Tumblr, and close friends in the LGBTQ+ community, I have developed an accepting attitude towards individuals who stray from the heteronormative ideals that society has set. Even at my college, there is a club for these individuals to unite together. I thoroughly enjoy this greaterRead MoreCircular Economy Conceptualization, Fundamental Principles And Design Process1371 Words   |  6 PagesFaced with the evidence, t hat finite resources are being depleted; that we are using more than we can replace (D. Meadows et al. 1972); and that climate change is likely to worsen the situation for many people of the world (Stott et al. 2010), business models have to change toward a more sustainable way of living, manufacturing and consuming; moving away from neoclassical industrial approaches. This represent the need for a fundamental conceptual shift away from current ‘take-make-dispose’ systemRead MoreThe Effects Of Genetically Modified Foods On Human Health1379 Words   |  6 Pageson the consequences of genetically modified foods on human health as of yet. Furthermore no agreement among the scientific community has been reached on the risks or safety of this technology, although it seems to possess wide, uncertain and, potentially dangerous implications for human health, which are inextricably linked to moral/ethical concerns. Genetically modified foods is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption, which have been modified in theRead MorePoverty And Poverty1721 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years, poverty has become an issue that is growing drastically and more people are starting to succumb to it and are falling below the poverty line. Poverty is like an epidemic that is constantly spreading because it has many causes to it. Poverty is the faceless enemy that exists in today’s society and targets those who are incapable of fighting against it and those who cannot support themselves. It is a never-ending nightmare of living life in hunger, without shelter, being exposed toRead MoreThe Yaak Valley Of Northern Montana1494 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States. It has cores of roadless wilderness that have been untouched by human activity and I believe that they should remain as such. The biodiverse ecosystem of the Yaak Valley benefits its human and non-human in habitants and we should protect it from the detrimental effects of human activities, especially the violent changes caused by large timber companies and their practice of clear-cut logging. There are sustainable and pragmatic solutions that would address both human needs and protectingRead MoreHow Human Disease Has Impacted Our Evolution1332 Words   |  6 PagesHow Human Disease Has Impacted Our Evolution Human Disease is an issue that is still constantly trying to be solved and cured in our society. Health care is a critical issue in politics because so many people are still seeking and needing treatment for a variety of illnesses. This is kind of surprising to consider since it is the best time in human history to be alive in terms of healthcare. In the past, humans easily died of many diseases that have been completely cured and unheard of today, suchRead More The Environment and The Role of Native Americans Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom a great loneliness of spirit. For whatever happens to the beasts, soon happens to man. All things are interconnected. Whatever befalls the earth, befalls the sons of the earth...If men spit upon the ground, they spit upon themselves...Man did not weave the web of life; he is merely a strand in it. Whatever he does to the web, he does to himself. (Perry, 1971) INTRODUCTION Like many eager non native environmentalists, waiting to be engulfed by the green revolution, I saw the Indigenous cultureRead MoreA Profile of Facebook Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media nowadays are bombarding people’s lives whether it is Facebook, MySpace, Friendster, LinkedIn, Orkut, YouTube, Flickr, Twitter, Groupon, and many more. Social media has changed how people interact with each other and how they express themselves on the Internet. Facebook, for example, has really altered people’s perception of themselves. We hypothesize that this altered perception in turn influences their behavior on product choices and involvement with particular groups. Facebook Background

Importance of a Setting in a Short Story - 1255 Words

The Importance of Setting Setting is the psychological time or place in a story. Setting plays an important role in the success of stories. Three examples of this importance can be explained through â€Å"To Build a Fire† by Jack London and â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe and â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty. The settings used in these stories set the reader’s mood. A good writer’s depiction of setting puts the reader right into the story. â€Å"To Build a Fire† by Jack London takes place on a trail in the Yukon. This setting is vital to the story because nature, the cold and the snow become the the main character’s worst enemy. Nature is flatly indifferent to mankind’s survival. The cold will not change because of man nor does it care†¦show more content†¦The greatest use of irony is when Montresor says he is a member of the masons. Fortunato thinks he means he is of a fellow member of a society when what he really means is that he is a bricklayer about to brick him in for all eternity. This conversation also provides foreshadowing in the story. This is the first clue the reader gets about how Montresor will kill Fortunato. The overall mood of the story is one of impending evil. The ending of the story is filled with suspense. You see Montresor carefully construct each row of stone. At this point Montresor is fully committed to finishing his horrifying deed even at the desperate pleas from Fortunato. When the last brick is set in place, we know Fortunato’s fate has been sealed. â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty is set in December at the first stirs of morning. The story features main character, Phoenix Jackson’s, journey through the woods to a town called Natchez. The story describes Jackson with words such as â€Å"granny†, â€Å"old Negro woman† and â€Å"a hundred years old.† The setting plays an important role in this story wi th its black imagery. Not only is the tone and the setting draped with a black overtone, but the main character is as well. The setting helps establish the strong theme of dedication, love and selflessness. A horrible dark and scary setting must be traveled by this old woman in order to receive medication for her grandson. The hardships ofShow MoreRelatedFiction Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesFormat Compare and Contrast Short Story Fiction Essay Jessica Jack Liberty University English 102-B43 Outline for Compare and Contrast Essay Thesis: â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† by D.H. Lawrence and â€Å"The Lottery†, by Shirley Jackson provide two contrasting uses of Setting in a short story which accentuate the importance of the element in a story. One author has the ability to distract the reader, while the other author creates the structure of the story. 1. Introduction a. ARead MoreEssay on the setting of there will come soft rains786 Words   |  4 PagesEssay on the setting of â€Å"August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains† by Ray Bradbury In â€Å"August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains†, a short story by world renown author Ray Bradbury, the narrator tells the story of a house in Allendale California, in the year 2026. The setting in this short story is very particular; it is set in a post-apocalyptic world that most likely illustrates the aftermath of a devastating nuclear war. The story takes place over the course of one day: â€Å"August 4, 2026†. The houseRead MoreDevices In The Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell876 Words   |  4 Pagespossess the ability to reason. Other animal species only have instinct, thus making them less smart. In Richard Connell’s short story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†, it tells of a hunter named Rainsford who got stranded on Ship-Trap Island. Zaroff hunted Rainsford on the island, but in the end Rainsford killed Zaroff . In â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†, the author uses imagery, setting, and characterization to suggest that instinct is better than reasoning. Stress is caused when the body perceives a threatRead MoreScarlet Ibis868 Words   |  4 Pageselements that combine together to create the theme and mood of a story. In the short story, â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis,† the author, James Hurst, demonstrates the use of literary elements and the importance of vital life lessons. The mood in this short story is deeply nostalgic and melancholy. The narrator faces the difficult obstacle of his pride vs. Himself (which is also the critical theme of the story). In the story, Hurst uses the elements of setting, foreshadowing, and symbolism to create a bittersweet, nostalgicRead MoreSummary Of Hills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway940 Words   |  4 PagesSeptember 2015 Importance of Setting in â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† Ernest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills like white Elephants† is a minimalistic story about a young American girl named Jig and her lover, an American man. Throughout the story, Hemmingway uses an abundant amount of dialogue so the reader can interpret that Jig and the man are contemplating some decision. Arguably, the setting is the most important aspect of â€Å"Hills like White Elephants†, and Ernest Hemingway uses setting subtly but effectivelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Daniel Orozco s Orientation 1034 Words   |  5 PagesThe Analysis of Daniel Orozco’s â€Å"Orientation† In the short story, â€Å"Orientation†, by Daniel Orozco there is a major contrast in the setting of the workplace and of the detailed descriptions of those who work there. Orozco successfully utilizes the literary elements of tone, symbolism, setting, point of view, characters and structure to emphasize the idea that a workplace does not successfully identify those who are employed. In the story, the narrator is giving a somewhat unusual orientation toRead MoreA Rose For Emily And Barn Burning By William C. Faulkner949 Words   |  4 Pagesmost unique short stories were written by William C. Faulkner who embodied the Southern sensibility, and to this day his stories continue to be enjoyed by many. Faulkner was born from a rich family who had accumulated wealth before the Civil War, but like many families in the South they had lost all of it during the conflict. His family moved to Oxford, Mississippi which is the basis for the fictional town of Jefferson in most of his s tories from Yoknapatawpha County. Faulkner’s stories create a moodRead MoreCharacterisation In Nadine Gordimers The Moment Before The Gun Went Off 1577 Words   |  7 Pagesexplores the characterisation of the main characters in Nadine Gordimers The Moment before the Gun Went Off, a short story about the shooting of a black man in the years of the apartheid, and Margaret Atwoods Death by Landscape, a short story about a womans painful memories. I will begin by looking at the main themes the two short stories have in common. Considering also the different settings and the society portrayed in the texts. Both Gordimers The Moment before the Gun Went Off and AtwoodsRead MoreEvaluation Argument Hills Like White Elephants1388 Words   |  6 Pageswhite elephant is an idiom for a valuable but burdensome possession, but also it means a rare and sacred creature. In Ernest Hemingway’s short story Hills Like White Elephants, Hemingway uses an unborn child as a white elephant. This short story depicts a couple of an American man and young women at a train station somewhere in Spain. Hemingway tells the story from watching the couple from across the bar and listening to their troublesome conversation. Through overhearing the couple’s conversationRead MoreThe Use of Language in The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allen Poe625 Words   |  3 PagesEdgar Allan Poe became an author that has grasped the importance of language in his short stories to form the perfect mood and the ability to affect his readers emotionally. In the short story, The Fall of the House of Usher, a ma n decides to go on a trip to reunite with a friend from his childhood, who suffers from an unknown illness. During the visit, bizarre events occur while staying in his friend’s home. This short story allows Poe to use hints of horror and gothic prose to drive the protagonists

Efficient and Economical Forms of Team Processes Free Essays

Purpose: The research aims to study key team processes, through which the team members share their individual knowledge, create shared understanding of the team, situation, task, leading to high team performance. The current research also aims to understand how teams adapt with team processes to high task load situation. Design/Methodology: Video recordings of Nuclear Power Plant operator teams’ activity have been used for collecting and analysing data. We will write a custom essay sample on Efficient and Economical Forms of Team Processes or any similar topic only for you Order Now 16 operator teams had to follow the selected same scenario, including 96 team members’ interaction. The performance scores were made by the instructors’ evaluation. Team process categories were developed based on different theoretical, empirical frameworks of team processes and semi structured analyses of transcribed communication and video recordings. Results: Specific forms of team processes help team members to build a shared conceptualization of the faced problems, thus lead to higher team performance, such as: providing directions, summarizing, projecting to the future, coherent information flow. Economical forms of team processes may help to lessen and manage high task load situation. Limitations: Team performance evaluations were based on subjective assessments of performance. The study lacks explicit team knowledge measurements. Research/Practical Implications: The revealed team process categories may serve as a valuable input for team members’ social skill focused selection and development methods. Originality/Value: The study aims to capture team processes in a naturalistic and complex work environment. The analyses reveal how good performing teams manage unpredictable high task load situation with team processes from information, knowledge sharing perspective. How to cite Efficient and Economical Forms of Team Processes, Papers

Laura Martin free essay sample

Laura Martin is a sell-side equity analyst at CSFB. She covers 15 large capitalization stocks and focuses on 2 industries. Martin estimated that she spent approximately 40% of her time analysing firms she covered, 35% communicating that analysis to buy-side clients and 25% on internal CSFB activities. Martin has covered the cable industry for the last 5 years. During that time, she had tried to differentiate herself from her competitors through an emphasis on more advanced valuation techniques. While most of her competitors were content with metrics such as EBITDA multiples, Martin had chosen to emphasize discounted cash flow analyses and EVA analyses. Recently, her attention had shifted to real options analysis as she felt other valuation metrics neglected an important aspect of the cable industry. ROIC Target Price Analysis Using regression analysis, Martin analysed the relationship between ROIC and the valuation of cable and entertainment companies as defined by the ratio of enterprise value to average invested capital. We will write a custom essay sample on Laura Martin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Martin projected that Cox would improve its ROIC by 0.8% or 80 basis points, in 1999. Martin then used the regression line to estimate the target enterprise value to average invested capital multiple. Adjusted for non-consolidated assets, other assets, cash and option proceeds and debt, Martin inferred a target price for Cox by year-end 1999 of $50. This ROIC â€Å"Target Price† Analysis indicated to Martin that Cox had significant upside potential relative to its current stock price of $37. 50. EBITDA Multiples Analysis The valuation of Cox Communications has been framed by Martin in the form of EBITDA multiples since it is a common metric in the cable business. In Exhibit 6, Martin compares how Cox currently traded as a multiple of EBITDA relative to how it would trade if Martin’s target process of $50 and her projections for EBITDA would be realized. According to this analysis, Cox currently traded at 13. 3X EBITDA and Martin’s target price would translate into a 20. 9X EBITDA multiple for 1999. This analysis reflected only the past figures and doesn’t account for different accounting practices. A dynamic industry makes it difficult to find comparable firms for valuation using multiples. Ques 2. Consider the DCF analysis presented in Exhibit 7. Based on the case contents, comment on how realistic the assumptions are, justify? From the DCF analysis presented in Exhibit 7, we see that the value of Cox Communications comes out to be $54. 29 per share which presents a 31% upside in the stock based on the current price. This is a very high stock valuation so we need to look into the assumptions made while calculating the DCF value. EBITDA growth rate has been assumed to be a highly optimistic estimate of 16% CAGR for the next 10 years. Perpetual growth rate of 4. 4% has been assumed which is a realistic assumption. Concern over CAPEX decreasing as capital will depreciate to nothing over time. The capital structure remains unchanged at 18% debt to capital ratio. Risk free rate has increased to 5. 359% from 5. 12% so the cost of equity is raised to 10. 69% and the WACC increases to 9. 42% Martin was too optimistic in her assumptions. If we do the DCF using our inputs then we find that the value comes out to be $41. 10 per share which is a 9. 6% premium over the market price. Ques 3. Why is Martin pushing real options valuation as an alternative to DCF analysis? Martin felt that discounted cash flow analysis was a significantly better valuation toll than EBITDA multiples but it had several shortcomings in the new digital world of the cable industry in particular; Martin noted that the previous analysis did not include the value from unused bandwidth capacity. Martin considered the DCF valuation unsatisfactory for these unused channels because companies are being hit for 100% of the capital spending but only the visible revenue streams from the existing services are being counted for the DCF valuation. Since the stock price of Cox was below the DCF valuation and since the DCF valuation did not incorporate the value of the stealth tier, Martin reasoned that the stealth tier was actually being ignored by the market. Thus Martin felt that by incorporating the Real options valuation in her investment thesis she could differentiate herself from her competitors and provide better value to her clients. Ques 4. What is the analogy Martin is trying to draw with options? What is the ‘stealth tier’? In what way is the stealth tier like a call option? What is the unit of analysis? What is the underlying asset price? What is the Strike price and Volatility? Martin turned to real options to value ‘stealth tier’ since she considered the stealth tier as a real option for cable companies such as Cox as they could potentially light up the stealth tier as new, currently immature or unknown interactive services were developed. According to Martin, the contingent nature of investment decision and the uncertainty surrounding the ultimate revenue streams made the stealth tier ideal for valuation through real option analysis. As financial options give holders the right, but not obligation, to buy securities, this real option gave each upgraded cable company the right, but not the obligation, to obtain revenues from the stealth tier, depending on market conditions. Real option analysis has been used in several industry settings including natural resources extraction and pharmaceuticals research. Cable companies were upgrading cable infra to have 750 MHz of bandwidth and additional 15% to 550 MHz by June 1999. Out of the 750 MHz of capacity in an upgraded cable plant, 550 MHz was typically devoted to analog video and another 98 MHz was dedicated to digital services, network control, telephony and internet services. The remaining 102 MHz comprised of 6 MHz channels and was essentially unused. This unused capacity of 102 MHz was called stealth tier as the revenue streams were invisible. In order conduct a real options valuation of stealth tier, Martin considered the best approach was to value the option of each channel of the stealth tier per home passed. Martin used the average current market value per home passed for a typical cable company of $2,500 which was further divided by 108 lit channels currently being employed to yield a current value of channel per home passed of $23. 15 which is the value of underlying asset (Exhibit 10). For strike price, she calculated the cost of light up one of the seventeenth channels of the stealth tier which was coming close to zero. She eventually considered the higher opportunity cost of not lighting up the fiber immediately. With 61% penetration rate, implied annual revenue of $263 or $2.44 ($263/108 channel) per channel translated into $1. 22 (cable industry margin of 50%) of foregone annual profit per channel per home passed which is the strike price. She used implied volatility from a traded at-the-money call option on the Cox stock to estimate the relevant volatility for the real option. A one-month call option traded in the market was priced to imply a volatility of 50% per year. Ques 5. Would you purchase Cox Communications on the basis of her analysis? Investment recommendation will be to buy Cox Communications since there is significant upside potential in the stock even with our conservative estimate.

‘Dover Beach’ and ‘When You are Old’ as Expressions of Love Essay Example

‘Dover Beach’ and ‘When You are Old’ as Expressions of Love Essay Poetic themes range from love and beauty to war, death and certainly, Nature but it is the masterstroke of personal experience embellished with rhetorical devices that make few poetic creations stand out in the crowd. Two such poems reflecting on the meaning of Love in the context of the poets’ personal life are Matthew Arnold’s â€Å"Dover Beach† and William Butler Yeats’ â€Å"When You are Old†. One poet reveres his union with his beloved in the midst of chaos and uncertainties of the world while the other reflects on his unrequited love and imagines the remorse his beloved would feel in her old age at the rejection of her one and only true love.In the Victorian period, the Christian world with its theological dictates was shaken to the core by the radical scientific postulates. It is at this juncture the poet Matthew Arnold communicates his faith in the power of Love and personal conflict of belief versus doubt in his poem ‘Dover Beach†™. It is a reflection of the physical surroundings of the poet imbued with the deeper analysis of the loss of the concrete familiar structure of faith and a plea to his beloved to remain true to love, which he believed was the ultimate recourse for all humanity in future.Delving into the personal history of the poet, Arnold married Fanny LucyWightman at Dover, despite her father’s disapproval. Arnold wrote `Dover Beach` portraying his own experience as a lover torn between love and war.The poem opens with a beguiling simplicity in the lucid depiction of the quiet sea-side night, radiant with the silvery moon-shine. It is a perfect honeymoon setting for the newly weds. There is a deliberate sense of slowing of time, as the poet gazes at the sparkling image of Dover Beach laid bare in the night, mirrored in the luminosity of the ‘fair’ moon as Arnold writes:The sea is calm to-night.The tide is full, the moon lies fairUpon the Straits;(‘Dover Beach’ l ines1-3)The opening lines ease the reader into a state of tranquil absorption of the natural beauty of the setting, yet it is Arnold’s way of beckoning his beloved into the charmed circle of peace that he witnesses. In his words: â€Å"Come to the window, sweet is the night air! (6), he invites his beloved wife to partake the magnificence of the scene, but on a deeper level, he helps the reader position himself at Arnold’s side to participate in the night’s beauty. There is an unmistakable sense of calm in his words, portending the storm of the chaos and anarchy prevalent in the present world which torments the poet even in the serene atmosphere of the moon-washed beach. The picturesque imagery of the opening lines mirror the physical relief of the cliffs, the continuous murmur of the waters and the isolation of the place in the moon-lit night contributing to Arnold’s deep philosophical reflections on the situation of the world, far away from the noise a nd fret of human crowd.The first aberrant note in the harmony of the seascape, a subtle sensory shift in image, is the â€Å"grating roar† (9) as the waves retreat from their progress, flinging the pebbles on the shore. This continual action, this harsh sound jars the ambience, unsettling it, bringing a transformation in the mood of the poem. The â€Å"grating roar† is a paradox as well as hyperbolic in rhetorical structure. The Sea is a continued metaphor throughout the poem. The repetitive cycle of the waves washing the shoreline, â€Å"Begin, and cease, and then again begin† (12) has a mournful sound to it, which to the poet’s sensitive perception appears to be the herald of the eternal note of melancholy. The silence is thus permeated by the rhythm of the sea, noted by the clever use of a combination of run-on and end-stopped lines in the first stanza. The poem shifts from the literal portrayal of Nature to a deep reflection on the eternal truth of li fe.Arnold’s fascination with the classic greats is expressed in his reference to Sophocles and his play Antigone with the image of the ancient scholar on the shores of the Aegean. His Hellenistic preoccupation coupled with the sensuous word-picture heightens the timeless dilemma of our lives – the reality of eternal sadness beneath the surface of the bliss and beauty in the world. This idea is reiterated later in the poet’s outcry:for the world, which seemsTo lie before us like a land of dreams,So various, so beautiful, so new,Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light,Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain;(lines 30-34)Arnold skillfully employs the rhetoric device of anaphora (‘So various, so beautiful, so new’; ‘nor love, nor light, / Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain’) for greater emphasis.Throughout the poem, the images used are subtle indications of the human world bereft of its spiritual support. The lights flicke ring on the shoreline of France, the erosive nature of the white chalkstone cliffs, the moon-blanched night, the conflict of the waves with the pebbles denote the attrition and assault of the human religious conviction in vitriolic contact with the daunting discoveries of science in the Victorian society. The poet launches his tirade against the corrosion of human faith, the comfort and security of the ‘girdle’ of belief and trust in the higher authority of God slowly fading from human lives. The â€Å"Sea of faith† had been the protective girdle wrapping the earth in its comfort, reassuring souls of the fruits of faith and goodness which had had been forcibly torn apart. The metaphor of the ‘girdle’ and its absence expresses the state of man, left in isolation, abjection and utter misery with no hope of restoration and rehabilitation.In this hopeless vision of the human world, the poet earnestly voices the need for a pillar of support, an anchorage for the sea-swept human souls in the sea of mistrust and fear. Arnold reinstates his belief and faith with the strong support of Love in human relationship. He calls upon his beloved to remain true and pledge loyalty to each other, with the conviction that the one true bond would mitigate the pain and darkness of the present human condition. Thus for Arnold, Love has a high pedestal of importance and reverence at par with one’s worship of God.Through deft use of rhetoric and picturesque words, the poem comes to life, with its message of the anchorage of Love in the world bereft of faith, struggling in confusion, a scene of chaos and anarchy. Arnold employs alliterative lines such as ‘to-night’ and ‘tide’; ‘full’ and ‘fair’ (Lines 1-2). Metaphors are skillfully weaved into the poem to enrich its inner meaning: the ‘Sea of Faith’ implies the comparison of the human spiritual belief with the waters enveloping the e arth’s surface. Again, the famous simile of the Battle of Epipolae imbues the poem with a depth of perception as well as a classical look-back for better understanding of the miserable war-torn state of humankind.Unlike Arnold who celebrated the union of his love at Dover Beach, Yeats is a poet suffering rejection at the hands of his Irish beloved, Maud Gonne, and it is this unrequited love which compels him to craft the poem â€Å"When You Are Old†. Interestingly, while Arnold universalizes the concept of Love as a pillar of support for humanity, Yeats personifies Love in the poem, depicting the lady in question as an old woman nodding near the warmth of a fire, attempting to read a book, recalling in the corridors of her memories the numerous ‘false’ suitors and the one true love which she cast off.The opening line â€Å"When you are old and grey and full of sleep† suggests the image of impending death. Sleep is the eternal rest at the end of old age. There is a unique hypnotic quality in the images provoked with the use of polysyndeton (‘old and grey and full†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢). The beloved, now old, would turn the pages of her book and reminisce the bygone days of youth and beauty. Her grace and charm had attracted many a lover to her side, but Yeats underlines the difference between his love and the admiration of the others with repetitive emphasis on the word ‘love’:How many loved your moments of glad grace,And loved your beauty with love false or true,But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,And loved the sorrows of your changing face; (p. 829)Like Arnold, Yeats employs alliteration as seen in ‘glad grace’ which contributes to the rhythm of the poem. Again, the oxymoronic ‘false or true’ implies the artificiality of the love petition of the other suitors.The most significant line is of Love, â€Å"Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled.† (p.829) is a typical personificati on of Love, which he wished to offer the lady only to be sadly rebuffed. â€Å"But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you† (p.829). The metaphorical figure of ‘pilgrim soul’ reveals her freedom-loving nature: her soul is likened to a pilgrim set out to wander in search of the absolute truth. Thus the poet’s love went beyond the surface beauty into the depths of her soul, proving the purity and profundity of his true emotions for her.The imagery in this poem sets the scene and the mood. The cozy comfort of the fireside, the soft shadows of her eyes indicates age and a deeper perception, the sorrows etched in the lines of her face denoting the ups and downs of life, the sad murmur of the Love ‘fled’. The transformation from the description of the fireside scene to the vast spaces of the mountainous heights where the love has gone is noteworthy. From the concrete image of the lady kneeling at the glowing bars to the elusive image of unrequited Lov e fleeing into the extensive spaces of Nature (here, the mountains are referred to) Yeats’ poem is full of this to and fro movement from concrete to abstract, as also seen in the lady reading the book then transported into her dreams and reminiscences. Again, ‘hid his face amid the crowd of stars’ is an abstract image, indicating the irreparable loss of the love she now missed.Both poets use adroit craftsmanship in structuring their deeply personal philosophical reflections on the significance of love in their lives. Thus the two expressive pieces of love poetry-   Arnold’s ‘Dover Beach’ and Yeats’ ‘When You are Old’ are singular creations among the volumes of literary works of these giants of English Literature.

Essay on Language Variation

Essay on Language Variation Essay on Language Variation Introduction The following conversation is between Andy an American businessman doing business in London and Carter a British native based in London. The two men are based in the insurance industry. The conversation will be used to differentiate between the American and British language. The readers of the conversation will be in a position to understand various language components. The idea behind the conversation is to understand the importance of linguistic variations. Andy: what is the main factor affecting insurance business in the United Kingdom? Carter: The market viability determines the level of insurance penetration. This is manifested by the manner in which the market operates in the long run. A good example is a smaller and larger market size. A smaller market segment implies that the insurance business will not thrive to the maximum. Insurance is all about numbers and understanding how to make adjustments within the course of operations. It should be noted that other factors determine the penetration mechanism. This is an indication that a bigger market size would be better suited to encourage the growth of insurance. Andy: There is a lot of stuff going on within the insurance sector in the United Kingdom. From my point of view, I think the insurance industry in the United Kingdom is undergoing a different phase as compared to the American market. It is clear that the UK market is undergoing a series of changes aimed at making the industry viable. This is evidenced by the manner in which the industry is undergoing challenges. Unlike the American market, the British market is still on the phase of adapting to the changing environment. This means that the level of insurance penetration is minimal as compared to the situation in the United States. Carter: A rough analysis of the American market indicates that the American market is ahead of the British market. As mentioned in the previous section, the American market is stable and more developed as compared to the British market. The American market has undergone numerous developmental phases before the British market. This implies that the American market has integrated the ideals of a stable industry. The American market has consolidated important market components. This has consequently led to a situation where the market dimension of the American market is stable and comprehensive as compared to the British market. Andy: As an operator in the insurance industry, I must admit that the insurance industry in the United States operates on a different platform as compared to the situation in Britain. The American insurance industry is composed of regulatory frameworks and other market components which consolidate the sector. Time and again, the American market has been involved in turbulent times. This implies that the sector has developed after years of repair. The above explanation is an indication that the American market is miles ahead of the British market. The British market has to develop numerous tools required for operation before reaching the level attained by the American market. Carter: I support the assertion that the American market is consolidated as compared to the British market. The British market is less developed as compared to the American market. The American market has been developed after years of making changes. The changes made in the American insurance sector have been instrumental in terms of leveraging the market. This was a step in the right direction. Linguistic variables The linguistic variables used in the conversation have been instrumental in terms of differentiating between the British and American language. From the conversation, it is clear that variables are vital in terms of determining various components of a given language. The approach used in presenting the linguistic variables has gone a long way in terms of giving each language the required consolidation. The linguistic approach used in both approaches is manifested by the manner in which words have been interchanged. It should be noted that the American and British language differ in meaning and pronunciation. The pronunciation used in the British language is different as compared to pronunciation in the American accent. The extent of pronunciation is explained from the perspective of vowels used. For example, a word with the same meaning could be used in the American and British accent. In the paper, the pronunciation could be similar, but the difference is noted when it comes to pronunciation. The mode of pronunciation is evident between the conversation of Andy and Carter. Carter is fond of using British accent in words and explanation. The mode of using the English language is based on the environment in which the person lives. The conversation between Andy and Carter is an indication that the environment determines the language selection of a person. The environmental aspect has affected the linguistic tone used by Andy and Carter. From the conversation, it is crystal clear that vowels determine the language aptitude adopted by an individual. The vowel variation has played an important role in determining the language selection used by both speakers. It should be noted that vowels have played a major role in terms of differentiating between the American and English language. From an expertise point of view, vowel variation speaks volumes about the language tone used. In addition, the language tone is dependent on the manner in which vowels are arranged. Lexicons The lexical arrangement used in the British and American accent is another component that can be used for analysis. The lexicon approach used in the British accent is advanced as compared to the American accent. The American accent is composed of simple lexical arrangements as compared to the British accent. The British accent has more lexical arrangements. They are intertwined with vowels. The mixture of lexicons and vowels is the main distinguishing aspect between the American and English accent. Lexicons like vowels determine the extent of tone variation. The tone variation attained from lexicons is an important component of language selection. Vowels The vowel arrangement has a way with determining the language variation used. A good example is the American and British language. The vowel arrangement used in English is different as compared to vowel arrangement in the American accent. The American accent has a different vowel arrangement as compared to the British accent. For example, the British accent has a mixture of vowels within a sentence. The British accent has a mixture of vowels. The vowel mixture within the British language has been phenomenal. As mentioned in the previous section, the vowel variation in a sentence determines the overall meaning. This is to mean that vowel variation creates a difference in language selection. The language selection is determined by vowels. If you need a professional paper writing service to order custom essays online from, visit our company .

Write a paper to compare the external and internal forces, how do Term

Write a to compare the external and internal forces, how do earthquakes and vocanoes develope can we predict their occurance - Term Paper Example They also help in the determination of the distribution of the surface and ground water (A Living Planet 19), and the shape of the deserts and features such as sandbars (FCAT Science 187). The formation of the soil occurs as a result of erosion and weathering (A Living Planet 20). Erosion can be of many types, such as water erosion, wind erosion, glacial erosion, and loess formation (A Living Planet 20). The process of weathering could be mechanical or chemical (A Living Planet 19). Other external forces include tornadoes, hurricanes, and water runoff (FCAT Science). On the other hand, the internal forces of the earth result in the formation of deep seafloor features (FCAT Science 175), along with the formation of landscape structures such as mountain ridges, fault lines, and phenomena such as volcanoes and earthquakes (FCAT Science 176). The internal forces can be attributed to the movement of the lithosphere which is explained most satisfactorily by the plate tectonics theory (FCAT Science 178). It states that the crust or the lithosphere of the earth is divided into twenty plates (FCAT Science 178), which are dynamic in nature due to the movement of underlying magma in the asthenosphere below (FCAT Science 178). Their movements include sliding, colliding, convergent, and divergent movements (FCAT Science 178). Divergent movements, in which the plates move away from each other (FCAT Science 179), have resulted in the formation of the Atlantic mid-ocean ridge and the Atlantic ocean seafloor (FCAT Science 179). As the crust is pulled apart, it r esults in earthquakes (FCAT Science 179). Convergent movements occur when the plates move towards each other (FCAT Science 180), resulting in the

Lombardi's Italian Grill Restaurant Marketing Strategy Case Study

Lombardi's Italian Grill Restaurant Marketing Strategy - Case Study Example One can say that Monica is doing less than average in terms of her sales and profits.   Considering the size of her restaurant, it should be making better than just earning $4,200 per week.   Since Lombardi is the only restaurant in the shopping center, it should be capturing a large market of the center, but presently its revenues do not show evidence of such. This may also be an indication that its location is not exactly where its target market is. The current marketing strategy of Monica is just so-so.   She probably did not have a comprehensive marketing plan when she opened Lombardi.   A marketing plan is essential because the plan will set her objectives for the restaurant and the strategies that she will implement to meet those objectives.   One can observe this in the way she decided where to locate her restaurant.   Monica’s major decision point was the location is â€Å"at the crossroads of three major interstate highways†Ã‚  (Cannon, McCarthy and Perreault 451); thus, there was heavy traffic.   Monica failed to consider her target market.   The location may have heavy traffic but if her target market is not there, the strategy will still not work.   The strategy that she adapted is that of mass marketing which is not appropriate considering that her restaurant is a specialty restaurant.   With regards to her promotions strategy, advertising through the internet may not be a good idea.   Internet advertising is inappropriate with the profile of her target market.   Monica should consider giving out flyers instead, among the visitors of the shopping center where the restaurant is located. Monica’s marketing strategy should have been more specific.   She should have made the necessary plans with regards to her product offerings and pricing.   Her low sales may be due to an ineffective marketing strategy.   One thinks that she should seriously consider joining a franchise chain at this point in time.   Right now, her gross revenue is at $4,200 per week or a projected annual revenue of $201,600 only (Cannon, et al 451).  Ã‚  

Lutzs Cognitive Learning Process

Lutzs Cognitive Learning Process The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Care and Nutrition leads the research pack. They are proud to say that name after the Leicestershire town where Pedigree UK has its headquarters. It is the worlds leading authority on pet care and nutrition. Those of the researches into dogs nutritional requirements are sponsored by WALTHAM . This could lead to academics and pet experts. The experts in Pedigree product development and nutrition work closely with the scientists and researchers at the WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition. Pedigree food for dogs is works with WALTHAM to develop and produce recipes with exceptional nutritional value. Pedigree is a nonprofit organization. It is dedicated to helping dogs find loving homes. Pedigree brand believes that every dog deserves a loving home. They also believe that every dog deserves leading nutrition. It is identified through the review on research studies on the requirements of dogs of different breeds, size and life stages. Based on the researches from WALTHAM Centre for Pet Centre for Pet Nutrition, it identified the four universal needs for dogs which are skin and coat, oral care, digestion and immunity. Besides that, there are many types of products are included in the dry product line which includes eight different product options. The products are PEDIGREE Adult Complete Nutrition, PEDIGREE PUPPY Complete Nutrition, PEDIGREE SMALL BREED Nutrition, PEDIGREE LARGE BREED Nutrition, PEDIGREE Health Longevity, PEDIGREE Healthy Weight, PEDIGREE Healthy Joints and PEDIGREE Wholesome Nutrition with Chicken, Rice Vegetables. Objective The effective communication between producers and consumers is one of the real main objectives of advertising. First of all, creation of demand is one of the objectives for Pedigree advertisement. In order to induce new customers and maintain their old customers to purchase Pedigree product, advertisement of Pedigree inform them its qualities and create a favorable climate for maintaining of improving sales. This will also increases the market receptiveness of the Pedigrees products. Furthermore, Pedigree advertisement that played in the television such as 8TV, ASTRO and etc channels is to remind the public. This is a continuous process of persuading the perspective customers with results in purchase of good. It is also can reminds the public about the existence of the Pedigree products in the market. The Pedigree advertisement shown the advantages for consumer purchase Pedigree products for their dogs. Besides that, short and simple information about Pedigree products is shown in the advertisement. This information is given to prospective buyers in respect of particular product or service through the advertisement. In this competitive market, Pedigree advertisements can help to build up Pedigree brand image and brand loyalty. This is where they can differentiate with the competitors. Pedigree aired this advertisement on television is to deliver the five signs of good health of Pedigree products to the audience of television. Each of every signs of good health is being point out in the advertisement. Product Features Pedigree product features are well explained in the advertisement. The name of the advertisement is called Pedigree 5 signs of good health TVC. The dog that Pedigree used to advertise in the commercial is called olive. It is look like a healthy dog breed. From the Pedigree advertisement can see that Olive become a healthy dog after six weeks of consumed Pedigree products. This Pedigree advertisement shown that dog deserves a healthy change like Olive. There are four universal needs of dogs which are skin and coat, oral care, digestion and immunity. This is one of the Pedigree product features is to let people know and attract dog owner to purchase Pedigree products that can change their dogs health. The Pedigree first sign of good health is stronger teeth. Olive has a clean gums and teeth after consuming Pedigree for six weeks. The number one health issue for pet dogs today is gum disease. Stronger muscle is the second sign of good health. In the advertisement, this can see that Olive run better with the protein provided in the Pedigree product. Furthermore, after feeding Olive with Pedigree products for six weeks, it produces quality of firm stool which can be seen in the advertisement. This is known that Olive has a good dietary system which contains of fiber. Olive has a healthy skin and smooth coat after consuming Pedigree. It is shown in the advertisement where the little girl can lay on Olive as her pillow. The fifth sign of Pedigree good health is cheerful and active. From the advertisement can see that Olive enjoys and have a great time playing with the little girl. The scene is at the playground with little girl holding a ball in her hand. Besides from the Pedigree five signs of good health, it also encourage people participate the campaign with shown register from 1 May 15 July 2012 and sign up on the Pedigree Malaysia Facebook in the advertisement. Appeal and Proposition The advertising appeals that used by Pedigree for their advertisement is feature appeal. This appeal is categorized as one of the information or rational appeals. Pedigree advertisement mainly showed the benefits of feeding dogs with Pedigree products and how good the product is. This advertisement tends to show the five most basic advantages for dogs after consuming Pedigree for 6 weeks. Pedigree can gained more customers confident by releasing this advertisement on television. It is quite an informative advertisement after viewing it compare to others. Pedigree advertisement also might persuade a dog owner to change his or her brands of food for their dog. Unique The unique of Pedigree advertisement is make a change for dogs health life. Dog owner always need to find a right food for their dogs in term of type, life stage, size and specific need. There are also sub category that under all this terms. Pedigree brand dry dog food has been improved based on the four most basic and important needs for dogs such as digestibility, skin and coat, oral care and immunity. Pedigree develops recipes with exceptional nutritional value based on the WALTHAM research as the basis for its recent dog food reformulation. Besides that, with the leading nutrition in the Pedigree products help dogs have a healthy digestion. This is shown in the advertisement that Olive has a firm stools after feeding with Pedigree Products for six weeks later. In the overall health and well-being of the dog, diet digestibility plays a large role in it. Dog need a proper digestion of the diet to live a healthy and enriched its life. This also impacts the quality and amount of stool that is produced by the dog. Dogs most metabolically active organ is their skin and coat. It is because it serves as an outward sign of the overall health status of the dog. In the advertisement, we can see that Olive skin change to a very smooth fur after six weeks later. The skin and coat play a much larger role in canine health. This is because it requires many nutrients and heavily participates in the dogs metabolism. Pedigree products that shown in the advertisement make the dog owner feel like switching their dogs food to pedigree brand. This can be proved in the advertisement that Olive becomes active dog after feeding with Pedigree products. There are interactive guides for the process or changing by just following the simple steps. Dog owner cannot change a dogs diet too quickly because this could make the dogs tummy unhappy and can cause the dog suffer from stomachache and diarrhea. This is also a reason why it might take a week for the transition period. Furthermore, Pedigree advertisement is different from competitors. It is because seldom can see food for dog advertisement in television except Pedigree. Pedigree advertisement showed in ASTRO channels for two different language versions based on the channels itself which are Chinese and English. In this Pedigree advertisement showed all the special of the brand and how the dog change after six weeks if it consume Pedigree products. Pedigree advertisement seems to be unique in a way that seldom television audiences get to watch Pedigree competitors commercial in any of the channels. This brings a great advantage to Pedigree after they showed their advertisement in television. Pedigree have a great product image of food for dog in the audience mindset because the frequent brand they heard and watched before, the more likely they will purchase for their dog as well. Benefits One of the benefits of Pedigree advertisement is that dogs become healthier and stronger after feeding with Pedigree products. In the Pedigree advertisement, we can see that Olive turn to have a stronger muscle and bigger in size after six weeks. This can convince the dog owner to purchase Pedigree after they watched the advertisement. In addition, with the 5 changes on Olive that we can see from the Pedigree advertisement can conclude that it is a good transform on dog after six weeks of feeding. In this transformation period and at the end can provide dog owner better lifestyle on their dog. Dog owner no need to have extra take care of their dog after the six weeks. From the Pedigree advertisement, we can see that Pedigree product can help the dog owner save cost. This is because they just need to purchase specialized Pedigree product for their dogs based on their dogs need rather than few products combining. There is a disadvantage of mixing the food for dogs can cause their dietary problem and at the time Pedigree can help the dog owner save money for sending the dogs to vet. Moreover, in the end of the advertisement shown sign up now on the Pedigree Malaysia Facebook, this is because Pedigree is giving 100 deserving dogs six weeks worth of Pedigree products for them to attain the Pedigree 5 signs of good health. There is time limitation for this contest which is in between 1 May to 15 July 2012. In a shorter time of six weeks, a dog can transform itself to a healthy body and lifestyle. This is one of the benefits of Pedigree products that shown in the advertisement. The shorter time it took can be an advantage of winning from the competitors. Potency The potency for Pedigree Advertisement is that it is a product that every dog owner need for their dogs. It is effective enough of this advertisement where it can influence the dog owner switch their food for dog brands after watching it. This also can remind the dog owner that they can change their dog health care after six weeks consuming Pedigree products. With the 5 signs of good health shown in the advertisement, it is attractive to describe how good the product is. By watching the Pedigree advertisement, it might attract the audience to change the brands of food for dog to Pedigree. Lutzs Cognitive Learning Process There are four steps in the Lutzs cognitive leaning process. The first phase of the process is ad exposure. The Pedigree advertisement is being exposed through the television channels such as 8TV, ASTRO and etc channels. This advertisement usually played on the peak hour time. It is means that during night time around 8pm to 11pm this hours in between. This is also the time most audience is on for their television time. In the cognitive responses phase, Pedigree advertisement is based on the product or message thoughts. It is because from the advertisement we can see that Pedigree trying to deliver informative message to the audience about the five signs of good health after feeding dogs with Pedigree products. The message is been deliver in a success way which include of a sample success dog called olive and a little girl. Next, it is the attitudes phase. This is mean what kind of attitudes that dog owner who watched the Pedigree advertisement going to possess. It is either they continue with the brand they feeding their dog now or change to Pedigree by purchasing it. Pedigree also can influence the new dog owner to try on their products with the advertisement. Lastly, the purchase intent phase is that dog owner will purchase the product if they think that Pedigree might suitable for their dog after watching the advertisement shown in the television and some information research done in internet. They will walk into any outlets of selling Pedigree products for product checking that suitable for their dog and make a purchase on it. Target Audience / Segmentation There are two different language version of Pedigree advertisement which is English and Chinese. The English version of Pedigree advertisement is being aired on television in 8TV channel. It is showed around 8pm to 11pm from April 2012. This Pedigree advertisement is being played on this time is because most of audience will on their television watching news and drama at this hour after their dinner. Pedigree decided to advertise in 8TV channel is because most of the 8TV audience is Chinese and Pedigree is a food for dog where only Chinese and Indian who will adopt a dog in their house or garden. The target audience of this Pedigree advertisement is primarily focus on those Chinese dog owner or dog lover. It is because most of the dog owner is Chinese or Indian. Malay is not allowed to adopt dog as their pet and they hate dog as well. At this hour advertisement played on the television channel, most of the dog owner or audiences will have their relaxing time after a busy day. The secondary target audience of Pedigree advertisement is that audience who wish to have a dog. By watching this advertisement, they will know which brand of food going to buy for their dog in future. This can build a good brand image of Pedigree in the future customer mindset. Pedigree advertisement targeted on this two group of audiences, it is because they are more likely to have interest on Pedigree advertisement and probably will have a deeper research on the information and decide to purchase Pedigree brands of product or other. Pedigree can segment their market based on demographic segmentation. It can be segment based on the race. There are three races in our country which are Chinese, Malay and Indian. From the Pedigree advertisement, we can see that the Chinese little girl does not afraid of the dog Olive and playing around with it. This is because Pedigree brands is selling food for dog and most of Chinese like to adopt dog as their pet in the house. Some of Chinese even treat dog like their children. This is the segment that Pedigree is targeted. Besides that, Pedigree also can segment based on the group of age. There are few categories group of age such as young kids and teens, adults and senior citizen. In the advertisement, Pedigree used a little girl in it maybe because they want deliver that even a little girl is not afraid of dogs. Pedigree can target on the adults because in the busy city life, most of dog owner like to adopt a dog as their partner in the house. Moreover, Pedigree can segment based on psychographic segmentation that focus on the lifestyle. From the advertisement, we can see that the little girl playing around with Olive in a big garden where Olive chasing the little girl with a ball on her ball. This can showed that at some stage lifestyle of people who can afford to adopt a medium size dog like Olive. Those dog owners mostly are stay at land house where there have place for their dog in the garden or car park area. Behavioral segmentation can be segment for this Pedigree advertisement. Dog owner who want a change on their dogs health will put more attention on Pedigree products. From the Pedigree advertisement, it can see that the heath changes on Olive after six weeks of feeding it with Pedigree products. Audience also can participate with the contest on Pedigree five signs of good health for their dogs. This can help them discover the benefits and advantages of having Pedigree products for their dog. Inferences Pedigree is really a good food for dog with the leading nutrition and recipes that based on the research from The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition. From the advertisement, we can see that Pedigree use a little girl as the ambassador in the commercial. Olive is the dog that Pedigree used it as the main role in the advertisement. This Pedigree advertisement is a twenty second commercial that aired on television. Pedigree product is being showed together with Olive consuming the dry food in the pots at the first second of the television commercial. At the first scene of this advertisement, little girl said thanks to Pedigree because it change Olives health. The Pedigree five signs of good health had change Olive in six week. From the Pedigree advertisement, found that the little girl is happy for the Olive changes by hugging it. There are five main inferences that get from this Pedigree advertisement. First of all, it is the stronger teeth of Olive. In the advertisement, we can see that the little girl pull up Olives mouth to show its teeth and tongue for the title of it. This can be proved that Pedigree can change dogs teeth after consuming its product after six weeks. Oral care for a dog is very important because they have different needs on the tooth development. Dog need to have a good oral hygiene program to maintain their good oral health with few components which include daily tooth brushing, routine dental exams and cleanings, as well as specially designed foods and chews. Olive have this oral health concern from the owner makes it healthier teeth after six weeks. The second inference that gets from Pedigree advertisement is that stronger muscle. In the advertisement, we can see that Olive can run very fast in the garden. The immune system of Olive is very important for dogs help to keep it healthy. Although it is an incredibly complex system with the comprised of several types of cells that works together to fight off. Dogs must supplement their diet with appropriate of antioxidant levels that is include in the Pedigree products to strengthened the dogs natural defenses. With the television commercial of Pedigree, it delivered that dogs can have a better immune system like Olive with the nutrition that provided in the packets of Pedigree products after feeding the dogs with that. Furthermore, the firm stools of a dog are very important. From the advertisement, we can see that the little girl is look surprised on the stools that process out by Olive. It is because Pedigree has changes Olive health after six weeks of consuming. The stools that shown in the advertisement are being censored replace by animation for the good sake of the audiences. The proper digestion system of a dog only can process out a firm stools. Pedigree products with the four most basic and important needs in it can help the changes in every dogs. The improved nutrient digestibility leads to an increase in the amount of nutrients available for use by the dog. The firm stools of Olive that shown in the advertisement is a sign that the dog is properly digesting and absorbing nutrients that including water from the gastrointestinal tract. Next, it is the healthy skin and coat. In the Pedigree advertisement, we can see that little girl is lying on Olives body and showing the skin and coat of it. Little girl touch Olives skin by delivering the message of dogs skin and coat will become very smooth like Olive after feeding them with Pedigree products. The change of health status of every dog can be observed first in the skin and coat. Skin and coat of the dogs provide some of function such as protection, immunity, thermoregulation, hydration and nutrient storage. The nutrients in the Pedigree products can increase the skin and coat health of dogs and at the mean time maintaining barrier function, participating in healthy cell turnover and producing a shinier coat. This can be observed through the Pedigree advertisement of the Olives skin and coat. It is shiny and warm of coat. The fifth sign of good health of dog is become cheerful and active after feeding with Pedigree products. From the advertisement, we can see Olive is happy and healthy now. The changes make on Olive also happen at the same time to the dog owner. Little girl can enjoy playing with active Olive where she has a partner to play with when she is bored. The four important basic needs in the Pedigree products have make dogs big difference in their lifestyle. Other than that, Pedigree advertisement also gives inference to audience that there is contest running by Pedigree. Pedigree released few examples of successful transform after six weeks to healthy dog pictures with their name on the bottom of the picture. The date of the registration for the contest named 5 signs of good health is shown in the advertisement to remind the audience when it is start and end. Pedigree Malaysia Facebook is where the audience supposed to register for their dogs. This also encourage audience to purchase Pedigree products for their dog for as an experience of changes. The music background that played in the whole twenty second of the advertisement is the theme song of Pedigree. Lastly, Pedigree brand logo is shown throughout the whole 20 second of advertisement.

Kubler Ross Essay

The Kubler-Ross model is based on five stages of grief. These are five emotional stages that someone can experience when faced with death or some other loss. The five stages are Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance. Kubler-Ross noted that these stages are not meant to be a complete list of all possible emotions that could be felt, and they can occur in any order. Reactions to loss and grief are as different as each person experiencing them. We spend different lengths of time working through each step and express each stage more or less intensely. We often move between stages before achieving a more peaceful acceptance of death. Many of us do not achieve this final stage of grief. â€Å"Many people do not experience the stages in the order listed below, which is okay. The key to understanding the stages is not to feel like you must go through every one of them, in precise order. Instead, it’s more helpful to look at them as guides in the grieving process — it helps you understand and put into context where you are. † Denial —One of the first reactions to follow a loss or news of an impending loss is Denial. What this means is that the person is trying to shut out the reality or magnitude of their situation. It is a defence mechanism that buffers the immediate shock. We block out the words and hide from the facts. This is a temporary response that carries us through the first wave of pain. Anger — As the effects of denial begin to wear, reality and its pain re-emerge. We are not ready Because of anger, the person is very difficult to care for due to misplaced feelings of rage and envy. Anger can manifest itself in different ways. People can be angry with themselves, or with others, and especially those who are close to them. Anger may be directed at our dying or deceased loved one. Rationally, we know the person is not to be blamed. Emotionally, however, we may resent the person for causing us pain or for leaving us. We feel guilty for being angry, and this makes us even more angry. It is important to remain detached and nonjudgmental when dealing with a person experiencing anger from grief. Bargaining — The third stage involves the hope that the individual can somehow undo or avoid a cause of grief. The normal reaction to feelings of helplessness and vulnerability is often a need to regain control. Secretly, we may make a deal with God or a higher power in an attempt to postpone the inevitable. This is a weaker line of defence to protect us from the painful reality. Psychologically, the individual is saying, â€Å"I understand I will die, but I am not ready, if I could just do something to buy more time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  People facing less serious trauma can bargain or seek to negotiate a compromise. For example â€Å"Can we still be friends? † when facing a break-up. Bargaining rarely provides a sustainable solution, especially if it is a matter of life or death. Depression —The grieving person begins to understand the lack of control over the situation. Much like the existential concept of The Void, the idea of living becomes pointless. Things begin to lose meaning to the griever. Because of this, the individual may become silent, refuse visitors and spend much of the time crying and sullen. This process allows the grieving person to disconnect from things of love and affection, possibly in an attempt to avoid further trauma. It is natural to feel sadness, regret, fear, and uncertainty when going through this stage. Feeling these emotions shows that the person has begun to accept the situation. Acceptance — In this last stage, individuals begin to come to terms with what has happened or what will happen. This typically comes with a calm, retrospective view for the individual, and a stable mindset but reaching this stage of mourning is a gift not afforded to everyone. Death may be sudden and unexpected or we may never see beyond our anger or denial. This phase is marked by withdrawal and calm. This is not a period of happiness and must be distinguished from depression. Coping with loss is a ultimately a deeply personal and singular experience — nobody can help you go through it more easily or understand all the emotions that you’re going through. But others can be there for you and help comfort you through this process. The best thing you can do is to allow yourself to feel the grief as it comes over you. Resisting it only will prolong the natural process of healing.

We Grow Accustomed to the Dark…

Darkness is a recurring image in literature that evokes a universal unknown, yet is often entrenched in many meanings. A master poet, Emily Dickinson employs darkness as a metaphor many times throughout her poetry. In â€Å"We grow accustomed to the dark† (#428) she talks of the â€Å"newness† that awaits when we â€Å"fit our Vision to the Dark. † As enigmatic and shrouded in mystery as the dark she explores, Dickinson's poetry seems our only door to understanding the recluse. As she wrote to her friend T. W. Higginson on April 15, 1862, â€Å"the Mind is so near itself – it cannot see, distinctly†(Letters 253).In this musing, she acquiesces to a notion that man remains locked in an internal struggle with himself. This inner conflict is brought to light through a metaphorical darkness that pervades many of her poems. Evidenced by the sheer breadth of her poetry she penned throughout her life, it is clear Dickinson indulged and withdrew often into t he inner realm of her own mind. The darkness is an interesting metaphor because it represents a dichotomy between an internal and external. Poem 428 illustrates both as the darkness acts as a barrier against understanding, while at the same time a limitless passage to potential knowledge.As a poet, Dickinson meticulously fashions her poems. Each word, each capitalization, each rhyme scheme – the dash – is a device carefully calculated and chosen. The dash is rarely reflected on since Dickinson tends to utilize the punctuation in every poem. However, in poem 428, the formatting is essential to the meaning. What do the dashes mean? The punctuation – dash – has the power to immediately interrupt the flow of a sentence. Dashes indicate pauses – ends – places to wait – sometimes nothingness. Nothingness is what the darkness contains. Isn't nothingness an unknown?As we read the poem we pause at every turn, commanded to do so by the dash â⠂¬â€œ indicative of inner conflict. Our minds subconsciously repeat this action after ever pause – every dash. The words it is used on highlight the dark. The dash is used after lines directly referencing darkness itself and its incarnations (line 6's â€Å"night,† line 10's â€Å"Evenings,† line 11's â€Å"Moon,† line 19's â€Å"Midnight†) half of the time. In other lines, darkness is not directly referenced, yet evoked through certain associate terms. The power of darkness to hinder understanding and arbitrarily change are used fter such words (line 2's â€Å"away,† line 4's â€Å"bye,† line 11's â€Å"sign,† and line 17's â€Å"alters†).The darkness also could represent an inner conflict, such as the turmoil â€Å"within† (line 12) is exclusively mental. The line is indicative of the inner search for truth. The superfluous use of dashes in this specific line emphasizes the feeling of hopelessness that plagues t he search. This trend continues in line 13 as the subject, â€Å"the Bravest,† still always have darkness that lies ahead which they must â€Å"meet†¦ -erect-† (line 8) and overcome. After doing this, the brave can â€Å"see† (line 16) and reach the deeper enlightenment they've sought.What about the words that lack a dash? These lines emphasize the sworn enemy of darkness- the light. To begin, line 3's â€Å"lamp† illuminates the darkness. Light is used often as a metaphor to show knowledge that lies ahead or paths to understanding. Therefore, line 5's â€Å"step† and line 20's â€Å"straight† lack a dash since they show a direction. In darkness, there exists nothingness and no place to tread. In line 14, â€Å"tree† is indicative of light's other meaning – to shed light on something. A realization of a truth may be revealed in light. This connection causes light to be intrinsically linked to wisdom.Thus, in a poem so imme rsed in emotional darkness, wisdom would void it. As far as line 18's â€Å"sight† is concerned, no dash is present because without light a visual cannot be seen and will remain in (a physical and mental) darkness. In these lines without a dash, darkness is not acting as a barrier. In this poem, a rhyme scheme doesn't seem to exist at first. Few of the lines rhyme, except for lines 14 and 16 and lines 18 and 19. However, the poem has fluidity despite its apparent scarcity of rhyme. After examining the alteration of syllables in each line, a pattern is revealed in this poem concerning darkness.The first nine lines alternate between 8 and 6 syllables. These lines are concerned, as any narrative is, with exposition. These lines set up darkness as an internal conflict to come. The conflict intensifies in lines 10 and 11 as we are bombarded by an explosion of 8 syllables in each line. These lines present the conflict within one's own mind at its most desperate. After this climax, the syllables in the last nine lines resolve the conflict presented. In these lines, Dickinson presents us with an archetypal figure that is faced with a conflict: the â€Å"bravest† hero.These lines present the resolution in lines that alternate between 6 and 7 syllables. Just as the syllables decrease, the falling action presents us with a final insight. This insight discusses how darkness is an insurmountable entity that, like the hero, we must face to continue â€Å"straight† through â€Å"Life† (line 20). The next seemingly arbitrary decision is Dickinson's capitalization. The capitalization at the beginning of the sentence must be capitalized; therefore, we'll focus on the capitalizations that lie within each sentence. In this poem, each of these words is a noun.Past this simple reading, what may we deduce from these capitalizations? Each stanza presents a different set of capitalized objects which lend themselves to the interpretation that darkness is a b arrier. It is no mere coincidence, that like the darkness they reference, these objects are not easily read. The poem presents itself as a narrative, but when you want to seek a connection between these capitalized objects, you feel you've hit a wall – an impasse. In poem 554, Dickinson presents us with another frustrating statement when she asserts â€Å"I had not minded – Walls –†.In a similar way, this poem Dickinson is satisfied with the elusiveness that the darkness presents. She takes delight in contradiction and abstraction. In a letter sent to T. W Higginson on June 8, 1862, Dickinson states that she â€Å"[has] no tribunal† (255). Dickinson, like her poetry, is a paradox. In her house she was Emily Elizabeth Dickinson, yet in her poetry and letters takes on the form of the enigmatic â€Å"Your Scholar† or â€Å"E. Dickinson† (Letters 263-278). However, without seeming too presumptuous with a direct correlation to the poet, th ese objects remain impenetrable.The objects could be interpreted as external entities, yet each when internalized represents a concept inaccessible. For example, in poem 428, we find the â€Å"Moon† and â€Å"Star,† objects present in darkness of the sky, not characterized in the usual way we symbolically represent them. The â€Å"Moon† doesn't represent an omen – â€Å"sign† – and the â€Å"Star† is found â€Å"within† reach instead of far away. This is further evidenced when the â€Å"Bravest† in relation to the â€Å"Tree† do not act how we expect. We expect figures exemplifying courage to undergo immense – not â€Å"little† – obstacles and to always – not â€Å"sometimes† – encounter them (as represented by the tree).But what of all the poems that argue the opposite, that the darkness represents a potential limitless portent to freedom? Indeed poem 428's metaphorical d arkness could be interpreted as a veil that covers a deeper hidden truth. In fact, darkness takes on a myriad of manifestations, such as shadow, in Dickinson's poetry. In â€Å"Presentiment – is that long shadow – on the Lawn† (#487), Dickinson uses a â€Å"long shadow† in apposition with a â€Å"presentiment†. A presentiment is an intuition about the future (usually of something evil). In this instance, a limiting of light presents us with an indicator to further wisdom.In another poem, â€Å"In Ebon box, when years have flown† (#180), the darkness that covers the â€Å"box† is manifested as â€Å"velvet dust / Summers have sprinkled there! † A mere â€Å"wiping away† is all it takes to unlock what's hidden inside. In these poems, darkness is never directly referenced – only alluded to. However, in Dickinson's poetry, darkness need not solely be alluded to. In â€Å"Through the dark sod as education† (#559 ), the deeper theme of darkness explicitly leads to potential knowledge. In poem 559, the â€Å"Lily† is an entity known to thrive in the light of day (and perhaps even Dickinson herself).Then, why is the image of the â€Å"Dark Sod† brought in? Dickinson certainly could have chosen to utilize night, a period that flowers encounter every night. However, through this uncommon embodiment of lawn, Dickinson exposes darkness as an omnipresent force. Even for a â€Å"Lily,† darkness is a commonplace occurrence. However, here a head on confrontation with an omnipresent force doesn’t block the pursuer from realizing a deeper meaning. Thus, the â€Å"Lily† needs the darkness for redemption. Poem 559 presents darkness as a metaphor we shouldn't have â€Å"trepidation† or â€Å"fear† for.In the second stanza, Dickinson advances her exploration of darkness. In the â€Å"meadow,† the â€Å"Lily† acknowledges the darkness that it fac ed by reflecting on its recent â€Å"Mold-life†. The â€Å"Mold† in the garden-variety setting of the poem has the destructive power to devour and delineates passing of time. However, to ignore the first part of the hyphenated expression, the word â€Å"Mold,† would be to ignore the power of darkness' influence. Mold itself could refer back to the process of forming (both physical creation and the mental process undergone throughout life by the mind).In this poem, the â€Å"Lily† undergoes a transformative process that leaves it forever in â€Å"Extasy†. Ecstasy here is an interesting consequence when we consider Dickinson's own thoughts on the matter. On their first meeting, Dickinson said to T. W. Higginson, â€Å"I find ecstasy in living; the mere sense of living is joy itself† (Letters 264). (Therefore, if we conclude that ecstasy is an effect of darkness, then we could deduce that Dickinson believed it vital element since life is compri sed of birth and death. ) The flower in the poem is mutated and enhanced through the period of darkness it experiences.This poem could be seen as a musing on the human condition that befalls us all. A matter relatable and universally understood that life is a never-ending struggle which we all engage. The individual will emerge from the hardships, like â€Å"Dark Sod,† once they come to the realization that light cannot exist without its antithesis, darkness. Just as light cannot exist without its opposite, a discourse on metaphorical darkness in Emily Dickinson's poetry would not be complete without an inclusion of metaphorical light.However, light is such a commonly used word, that expressions expounding its revelatory nature have become cliches. To go beyond these two analyses, we must reveal the destructive nature underlying light. In â€Å"There's a certain slant of light† (#320), Dickinson explicates light in a novel way. In this poem, the setting is a â€Å"Win ter Afternoon. † From the very first line, the poet maintains a bias against the light. In the season of winter, it is expected for light to rarely appear. As a New England resident, Emily Dickinson knew this fact well. This poem, unlike many of Dickinson's poetry, does not extol nature or light.Unlike its usual connotation, Dickinson presents a light that contradicts what we expect and that instead exhibits a complicated nature. Interestingly enough, the light at work in this poem is found to be oppressive, despite nature superseding its position. Why then is light oppressive? The answer to this query is arrived at if we carefully decipher Dickinson's diction choice. In this poem, we can argue that change is epitomized by the â€Å"certain Slant of light† as a turning point for transformation. This slant of light is oppressive, but this is no simple, purely negative oppression.Rather, like darkness, it is both hard and worthwhile. The diction is heightened in the third stanza, when the poem 320’s speaker states how light cannot â€Å"teach† a lesson. An experience of painful transition is deemed more important. This experience is characterized by the stress placed on the word â€Å"Any. † The word both ends the physically written line and limits the expounded experience. Further explored, the turmoil disclosed is revealed not as a collective one by the diction choice an â€Å"imperial affliction. † It is almost as if a privileged group can only experience the transformation.In one word, Dickinson refashions light from universal emblem of revelation to a symbol of an exclusive human experience. However, taking light metaphorically where we never thought it could, Dickinson shows how easily transmuted these externals – light and dark – (which we’ve internalized and thought we knew) are. In Dickinson's first letter to T. W. Higginson on April 16, 1862, she asked him, â€Å"Are you too deeply occupied to say if my verse is alive? †(253) The irony lies in the fact that Dickinson’s verse is so alive that Emily Dickinson continues to rewrite the traditional modes of literature convention past her own lifetime.