Lutzs Cognitive Learning Process

Lutzs Cognitive Learning Process The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Care and Nutrition leads the research pack. They are proud to say that name after the Leicestershire town where Pedigree UK has its headquarters. It is the worlds leading authority on pet care and nutrition. Those of the researches into dogs nutritional requirements are sponsored by WALTHAM . This could lead to academics and pet experts. The experts in Pedigree product development and nutrition work closely with the scientists and researchers at the WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition. Pedigree food for dogs is works with WALTHAM to develop and produce recipes with exceptional nutritional value. Pedigree is a nonprofit organization. It is dedicated to helping dogs find loving homes. Pedigree brand believes that every dog deserves a loving home. They also believe that every dog deserves leading nutrition. It is identified through the review on research studies on the requirements of dogs of different breeds, size and life stages. Based on the researches from WALTHAM Centre for Pet Centre for Pet Nutrition, it identified the four universal needs for dogs which are skin and coat, oral care, digestion and immunity. Besides that, there are many types of products are included in the dry product line which includes eight different product options. The products are PEDIGREE Adult Complete Nutrition, PEDIGREE PUPPY Complete Nutrition, PEDIGREE SMALL BREED Nutrition, PEDIGREE LARGE BREED Nutrition, PEDIGREE Health Longevity, PEDIGREE Healthy Weight, PEDIGREE Healthy Joints and PEDIGREE Wholesome Nutrition with Chicken, Rice Vegetables. Objective The effective communication between producers and consumers is one of the real main objectives of advertising. First of all, creation of demand is one of the objectives for Pedigree advertisement. In order to induce new customers and maintain their old customers to purchase Pedigree product, advertisement of Pedigree inform them its qualities and create a favorable climate for maintaining of improving sales. This will also increases the market receptiveness of the Pedigrees products. Furthermore, Pedigree advertisement that played in the television such as 8TV, ASTRO and etc channels is to remind the public. This is a continuous process of persuading the perspective customers with results in purchase of good. It is also can reminds the public about the existence of the Pedigree products in the market. The Pedigree advertisement shown the advantages for consumer purchase Pedigree products for their dogs. Besides that, short and simple information about Pedigree products is shown in the advertisement. This information is given to prospective buyers in respect of particular product or service through the advertisement. In this competitive market, Pedigree advertisements can help to build up Pedigree brand image and brand loyalty. This is where they can differentiate with the competitors. Pedigree aired this advertisement on television is to deliver the five signs of good health of Pedigree products to the audience of television. Each of every signs of good health is being point out in the advertisement. Product Features Pedigree product features are well explained in the advertisement. The name of the advertisement is called Pedigree 5 signs of good health TVC. The dog that Pedigree used to advertise in the commercial is called olive. It is look like a healthy dog breed. From the Pedigree advertisement can see that Olive become a healthy dog after six weeks of consumed Pedigree products. This Pedigree advertisement shown that dog deserves a healthy change like Olive. There are four universal needs of dogs which are skin and coat, oral care, digestion and immunity. This is one of the Pedigree product features is to let people know and attract dog owner to purchase Pedigree products that can change their dogs health. The Pedigree first sign of good health is stronger teeth. Olive has a clean gums and teeth after consuming Pedigree for six weeks. The number one health issue for pet dogs today is gum disease. Stronger muscle is the second sign of good health. In the advertisement, this can see that Olive run better with the protein provided in the Pedigree product. Furthermore, after feeding Olive with Pedigree products for six weeks, it produces quality of firm stool which can be seen in the advertisement. This is known that Olive has a good dietary system which contains of fiber. Olive has a healthy skin and smooth coat after consuming Pedigree. It is shown in the advertisement where the little girl can lay on Olive as her pillow. The fifth sign of Pedigree good health is cheerful and active. From the advertisement can see that Olive enjoys and have a great time playing with the little girl. The scene is at the playground with little girl holding a ball in her hand. Besides from the Pedigree five signs of good health, it also encourage people participate the campaign with shown register from 1 May 15 July 2012 and sign up on the Pedigree Malaysia Facebook in the advertisement. Appeal and Proposition The advertising appeals that used by Pedigree for their advertisement is feature appeal. This appeal is categorized as one of the information or rational appeals. Pedigree advertisement mainly showed the benefits of feeding dogs with Pedigree products and how good the product is. This advertisement tends to show the five most basic advantages for dogs after consuming Pedigree for 6 weeks. Pedigree can gained more customers confident by releasing this advertisement on television. It is quite an informative advertisement after viewing it compare to others. Pedigree advertisement also might persuade a dog owner to change his or her brands of food for their dog. Unique The unique of Pedigree advertisement is make a change for dogs health life. Dog owner always need to find a right food for their dogs in term of type, life stage, size and specific need. There are also sub category that under all this terms. Pedigree brand dry dog food has been improved based on the four most basic and important needs for dogs such as digestibility, skin and coat, oral care and immunity. Pedigree develops recipes with exceptional nutritional value based on the WALTHAM research as the basis for its recent dog food reformulation. Besides that, with the leading nutrition in the Pedigree products help dogs have a healthy digestion. This is shown in the advertisement that Olive has a firm stools after feeding with Pedigree Products for six weeks later. In the overall health and well-being of the dog, diet digestibility plays a large role in it. Dog need a proper digestion of the diet to live a healthy and enriched its life. This also impacts the quality and amount of stool that is produced by the dog. Dogs most metabolically active organ is their skin and coat. It is because it serves as an outward sign of the overall health status of the dog. In the advertisement, we can see that Olive skin change to a very smooth fur after six weeks later. The skin and coat play a much larger role in canine health. This is because it requires many nutrients and heavily participates in the dogs metabolism. Pedigree products that shown in the advertisement make the dog owner feel like switching their dogs food to pedigree brand. This can be proved in the advertisement that Olive becomes active dog after feeding with Pedigree products. There are interactive guides for the process or changing by just following the simple steps. Dog owner cannot change a dogs diet too quickly because this could make the dogs tummy unhappy and can cause the dog suffer from stomachache and diarrhea. This is also a reason why it might take a week for the transition period. Furthermore, Pedigree advertisement is different from competitors. It is because seldom can see food for dog advertisement in television except Pedigree. Pedigree advertisement showed in ASTRO channels for two different language versions based on the channels itself which are Chinese and English. In this Pedigree advertisement showed all the special of the brand and how the dog change after six weeks if it consume Pedigree products. Pedigree advertisement seems to be unique in a way that seldom television audiences get to watch Pedigree competitors commercial in any of the channels. This brings a great advantage to Pedigree after they showed their advertisement in television. Pedigree have a great product image of food for dog in the audience mindset because the frequent brand they heard and watched before, the more likely they will purchase for their dog as well. Benefits One of the benefits of Pedigree advertisement is that dogs become healthier and stronger after feeding with Pedigree products. In the Pedigree advertisement, we can see that Olive turn to have a stronger muscle and bigger in size after six weeks. This can convince the dog owner to purchase Pedigree after they watched the advertisement. In addition, with the 5 changes on Olive that we can see from the Pedigree advertisement can conclude that it is a good transform on dog after six weeks of feeding. In this transformation period and at the end can provide dog owner better lifestyle on their dog. Dog owner no need to have extra take care of their dog after the six weeks. From the Pedigree advertisement, we can see that Pedigree product can help the dog owner save cost. This is because they just need to purchase specialized Pedigree product for their dogs based on their dogs need rather than few products combining. There is a disadvantage of mixing the food for dogs can cause their dietary problem and at the time Pedigree can help the dog owner save money for sending the dogs to vet. Moreover, in the end of the advertisement shown sign up now on the Pedigree Malaysia Facebook, this is because Pedigree is giving 100 deserving dogs six weeks worth of Pedigree products for them to attain the Pedigree 5 signs of good health. There is time limitation for this contest which is in between 1 May to 15 July 2012. In a shorter time of six weeks, a dog can transform itself to a healthy body and lifestyle. This is one of the benefits of Pedigree products that shown in the advertisement. The shorter time it took can be an advantage of winning from the competitors. Potency The potency for Pedigree Advertisement is that it is a product that every dog owner need for their dogs. It is effective enough of this advertisement where it can influence the dog owner switch their food for dog brands after watching it. This also can remind the dog owner that they can change their dog health care after six weeks consuming Pedigree products. With the 5 signs of good health shown in the advertisement, it is attractive to describe how good the product is. By watching the Pedigree advertisement, it might attract the audience to change the brands of food for dog to Pedigree. Lutzs Cognitive Learning Process There are four steps in the Lutzs cognitive leaning process. The first phase of the process is ad exposure. The Pedigree advertisement is being exposed through the television channels such as 8TV, ASTRO and etc channels. This advertisement usually played on the peak hour time. It is means that during night time around 8pm to 11pm this hours in between. This is also the time most audience is on for their television time. In the cognitive responses phase, Pedigree advertisement is based on the product or message thoughts. It is because from the advertisement we can see that Pedigree trying to deliver informative message to the audience about the five signs of good health after feeding dogs with Pedigree products. The message is been deliver in a success way which include of a sample success dog called olive and a little girl. Next, it is the attitudes phase. This is mean what kind of attitudes that dog owner who watched the Pedigree advertisement going to possess. It is either they continue with the brand they feeding their dog now or change to Pedigree by purchasing it. Pedigree also can influence the new dog owner to try on their products with the advertisement. Lastly, the purchase intent phase is that dog owner will purchase the product if they think that Pedigree might suitable for their dog after watching the advertisement shown in the television and some information research done in internet. They will walk into any outlets of selling Pedigree products for product checking that suitable for their dog and make a purchase on it. Target Audience / Segmentation There are two different language version of Pedigree advertisement which is English and Chinese. The English version of Pedigree advertisement is being aired on television in 8TV channel. It is showed around 8pm to 11pm from April 2012. This Pedigree advertisement is being played on this time is because most of audience will on their television watching news and drama at this hour after their dinner. Pedigree decided to advertise in 8TV channel is because most of the 8TV audience is Chinese and Pedigree is a food for dog where only Chinese and Indian who will adopt a dog in their house or garden. The target audience of this Pedigree advertisement is primarily focus on those Chinese dog owner or dog lover. It is because most of the dog owner is Chinese or Indian. Malay is not allowed to adopt dog as their pet and they hate dog as well. At this hour advertisement played on the television channel, most of the dog owner or audiences will have their relaxing time after a busy day. The secondary target audience of Pedigree advertisement is that audience who wish to have a dog. By watching this advertisement, they will know which brand of food going to buy for their dog in future. This can build a good brand image of Pedigree in the future customer mindset. Pedigree advertisement targeted on this two group of audiences, it is because they are more likely to have interest on Pedigree advertisement and probably will have a deeper research on the information and decide to purchase Pedigree brands of product or other. Pedigree can segment their market based on demographic segmentation. It can be segment based on the race. There are three races in our country which are Chinese, Malay and Indian. From the Pedigree advertisement, we can see that the Chinese little girl does not afraid of the dog Olive and playing around with it. This is because Pedigree brands is selling food for dog and most of Chinese like to adopt dog as their pet in the house. Some of Chinese even treat dog like their children. This is the segment that Pedigree is targeted. Besides that, Pedigree also can segment based on the group of age. There are few categories group of age such as young kids and teens, adults and senior citizen. In the advertisement, Pedigree used a little girl in it maybe because they want deliver that even a little girl is not afraid of dogs. Pedigree can target on the adults because in the busy city life, most of dog owner like to adopt a dog as their partner in the house. Moreover, Pedigree can segment based on psychographic segmentation that focus on the lifestyle. From the advertisement, we can see that the little girl playing around with Olive in a big garden where Olive chasing the little girl with a ball on her ball. This can showed that at some stage lifestyle of people who can afford to adopt a medium size dog like Olive. Those dog owners mostly are stay at land house where there have place for their dog in the garden or car park area. Behavioral segmentation can be segment for this Pedigree advertisement. Dog owner who want a change on their dogs health will put more attention on Pedigree products. From the Pedigree advertisement, it can see that the heath changes on Olive after six weeks of feeding it with Pedigree products. Audience also can participate with the contest on Pedigree five signs of good health for their dogs. This can help them discover the benefits and advantages of having Pedigree products for their dog. Inferences Pedigree is really a good food for dog with the leading nutrition and recipes that based on the research from The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition. From the advertisement, we can see that Pedigree use a little girl as the ambassador in the commercial. Olive is the dog that Pedigree used it as the main role in the advertisement. This Pedigree advertisement is a twenty second commercial that aired on television. Pedigree product is being showed together with Olive consuming the dry food in the pots at the first second of the television commercial. At the first scene of this advertisement, little girl said thanks to Pedigree because it change Olives health. The Pedigree five signs of good health had change Olive in six week. From the Pedigree advertisement, found that the little girl is happy for the Olive changes by hugging it. There are five main inferences that get from this Pedigree advertisement. First of all, it is the stronger teeth of Olive. In the advertisement, we can see that the little girl pull up Olives mouth to show its teeth and tongue for the title of it. This can be proved that Pedigree can change dogs teeth after consuming its product after six weeks. Oral care for a dog is very important because they have different needs on the tooth development. Dog need to have a good oral hygiene program to maintain their good oral health with few components which include daily tooth brushing, routine dental exams and cleanings, as well as specially designed foods and chews. Olive have this oral health concern from the owner makes it healthier teeth after six weeks. The second inference that gets from Pedigree advertisement is that stronger muscle. In the advertisement, we can see that Olive can run very fast in the garden. The immune system of Olive is very important for dogs help to keep it healthy. Although it is an incredibly complex system with the comprised of several types of cells that works together to fight off. Dogs must supplement their diet with appropriate of antioxidant levels that is include in the Pedigree products to strengthened the dogs natural defenses. With the television commercial of Pedigree, it delivered that dogs can have a better immune system like Olive with the nutrition that provided in the packets of Pedigree products after feeding the dogs with that. Furthermore, the firm stools of a dog are very important. From the advertisement, we can see that the little girl is look surprised on the stools that process out by Olive. It is because Pedigree has changes Olive health after six weeks of consuming. The stools that shown in the advertisement are being censored replace by animation for the good sake of the audiences. The proper digestion system of a dog only can process out a firm stools. Pedigree products with the four most basic and important needs in it can help the changes in every dogs. The improved nutrient digestibility leads to an increase in the amount of nutrients available for use by the dog. The firm stools of Olive that shown in the advertisement is a sign that the dog is properly digesting and absorbing nutrients that including water from the gastrointestinal tract. Next, it is the healthy skin and coat. In the Pedigree advertisement, we can see that little girl is lying on Olives body and showing the skin and coat of it. Little girl touch Olives skin by delivering the message of dogs skin and coat will become very smooth like Olive after feeding them with Pedigree products. The change of health status of every dog can be observed first in the skin and coat. Skin and coat of the dogs provide some of function such as protection, immunity, thermoregulation, hydration and nutrient storage. The nutrients in the Pedigree products can increase the skin and coat health of dogs and at the mean time maintaining barrier function, participating in healthy cell turnover and producing a shinier coat. This can be observed through the Pedigree advertisement of the Olives skin and coat. It is shiny and warm of coat. The fifth sign of good health of dog is become cheerful and active after feeding with Pedigree products. From the advertisement, we can see Olive is happy and healthy now. The changes make on Olive also happen at the same time to the dog owner. Little girl can enjoy playing with active Olive where she has a partner to play with when she is bored. The four important basic needs in the Pedigree products have make dogs big difference in their lifestyle. Other than that, Pedigree advertisement also gives inference to audience that there is contest running by Pedigree. Pedigree released few examples of successful transform after six weeks to healthy dog pictures with their name on the bottom of the picture. The date of the registration for the contest named 5 signs of good health is shown in the advertisement to remind the audience when it is start and end. Pedigree Malaysia Facebook is where the audience supposed to register for their dogs. This also encourage audience to purchase Pedigree products for their dog for as an experience of changes. The music background that played in the whole twenty second of the advertisement is the theme song of Pedigree. Lastly, Pedigree brand logo is shown throughout the whole 20 second of advertisement.

Kubler Ross Essay

The Kubler-Ross model is based on five stages of grief. These are five emotional stages that someone can experience when faced with death or some other loss. The five stages are Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance. Kubler-Ross noted that these stages are not meant to be a complete list of all possible emotions that could be felt, and they can occur in any order. Reactions to loss and grief are as different as each person experiencing them. We spend different lengths of time working through each step and express each stage more or less intensely. We often move between stages before achieving a more peaceful acceptance of death. Many of us do not achieve this final stage of grief. â€Å"Many people do not experience the stages in the order listed below, which is okay. The key to understanding the stages is not to feel like you must go through every one of them, in precise order. Instead, it’s more helpful to look at them as guides in the grieving process — it helps you understand and put into context where you are. † Denial —One of the first reactions to follow a loss or news of an impending loss is Denial. What this means is that the person is trying to shut out the reality or magnitude of their situation. It is a defence mechanism that buffers the immediate shock. We block out the words and hide from the facts. This is a temporary response that carries us through the first wave of pain. Anger — As the effects of denial begin to wear, reality and its pain re-emerge. We are not ready Because of anger, the person is very difficult to care for due to misplaced feelings of rage and envy. Anger can manifest itself in different ways. People can be angry with themselves, or with others, and especially those who are close to them. Anger may be directed at our dying or deceased loved one. Rationally, we know the person is not to be blamed. Emotionally, however, we may resent the person for causing us pain or for leaving us. We feel guilty for being angry, and this makes us even more angry. It is important to remain detached and nonjudgmental when dealing with a person experiencing anger from grief. Bargaining — The third stage involves the hope that the individual can somehow undo or avoid a cause of grief. The normal reaction to feelings of helplessness and vulnerability is often a need to regain control. Secretly, we may make a deal with God or a higher power in an attempt to postpone the inevitable. This is a weaker line of defence to protect us from the painful reality. Psychologically, the individual is saying, â€Å"I understand I will die, but I am not ready, if I could just do something to buy more time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  People facing less serious trauma can bargain or seek to negotiate a compromise. For example â€Å"Can we still be friends? † when facing a break-up. Bargaining rarely provides a sustainable solution, especially if it is a matter of life or death. Depression —The grieving person begins to understand the lack of control over the situation. Much like the existential concept of The Void, the idea of living becomes pointless. Things begin to lose meaning to the griever. Because of this, the individual may become silent, refuse visitors and spend much of the time crying and sullen. This process allows the grieving person to disconnect from things of love and affection, possibly in an attempt to avoid further trauma. It is natural to feel sadness, regret, fear, and uncertainty when going through this stage. Feeling these emotions shows that the person has begun to accept the situation. Acceptance — In this last stage, individuals begin to come to terms with what has happened or what will happen. This typically comes with a calm, retrospective view for the individual, and a stable mindset but reaching this stage of mourning is a gift not afforded to everyone. Death may be sudden and unexpected or we may never see beyond our anger or denial. This phase is marked by withdrawal and calm. This is not a period of happiness and must be distinguished from depression. Coping with loss is a ultimately a deeply personal and singular experience — nobody can help you go through it more easily or understand all the emotions that you’re going through. But others can be there for you and help comfort you through this process. The best thing you can do is to allow yourself to feel the grief as it comes over you. Resisting it only will prolong the natural process of healing.

We Grow Accustomed to the Dark…

Darkness is a recurring image in literature that evokes a universal unknown, yet is often entrenched in many meanings. A master poet, Emily Dickinson employs darkness as a metaphor many times throughout her poetry. In â€Å"We grow accustomed to the dark† (#428) she talks of the â€Å"newness† that awaits when we â€Å"fit our Vision to the Dark. † As enigmatic and shrouded in mystery as the dark she explores, Dickinson's poetry seems our only door to understanding the recluse. As she wrote to her friend T. W. Higginson on April 15, 1862, â€Å"the Mind is so near itself – it cannot see, distinctly†(Letters 253).In this musing, she acquiesces to a notion that man remains locked in an internal struggle with himself. This inner conflict is brought to light through a metaphorical darkness that pervades many of her poems. Evidenced by the sheer breadth of her poetry she penned throughout her life, it is clear Dickinson indulged and withdrew often into t he inner realm of her own mind. The darkness is an interesting metaphor because it represents a dichotomy between an internal and external. Poem 428 illustrates both as the darkness acts as a barrier against understanding, while at the same time a limitless passage to potential knowledge.As a poet, Dickinson meticulously fashions her poems. Each word, each capitalization, each rhyme scheme – the dash – is a device carefully calculated and chosen. The dash is rarely reflected on since Dickinson tends to utilize the punctuation in every poem. However, in poem 428, the formatting is essential to the meaning. What do the dashes mean? The punctuation – dash – has the power to immediately interrupt the flow of a sentence. Dashes indicate pauses – ends – places to wait – sometimes nothingness. Nothingness is what the darkness contains. Isn't nothingness an unknown?As we read the poem we pause at every turn, commanded to do so by the dash â⠂¬â€œ indicative of inner conflict. Our minds subconsciously repeat this action after ever pause – every dash. The words it is used on highlight the dark. The dash is used after lines directly referencing darkness itself and its incarnations (line 6's â€Å"night,† line 10's â€Å"Evenings,† line 11's â€Å"Moon,† line 19's â€Å"Midnight†) half of the time. In other lines, darkness is not directly referenced, yet evoked through certain associate terms. The power of darkness to hinder understanding and arbitrarily change are used fter such words (line 2's â€Å"away,† line 4's â€Å"bye,† line 11's â€Å"sign,† and line 17's â€Å"alters†).The darkness also could represent an inner conflict, such as the turmoil â€Å"within† (line 12) is exclusively mental. The line is indicative of the inner search for truth. The superfluous use of dashes in this specific line emphasizes the feeling of hopelessness that plagues t he search. This trend continues in line 13 as the subject, â€Å"the Bravest,† still always have darkness that lies ahead which they must â€Å"meet†¦ -erect-† (line 8) and overcome. After doing this, the brave can â€Å"see† (line 16) and reach the deeper enlightenment they've sought.What about the words that lack a dash? These lines emphasize the sworn enemy of darkness- the light. To begin, line 3's â€Å"lamp† illuminates the darkness. Light is used often as a metaphor to show knowledge that lies ahead or paths to understanding. Therefore, line 5's â€Å"step† and line 20's â€Å"straight† lack a dash since they show a direction. In darkness, there exists nothingness and no place to tread. In line 14, â€Å"tree† is indicative of light's other meaning – to shed light on something. A realization of a truth may be revealed in light. This connection causes light to be intrinsically linked to wisdom.Thus, in a poem so imme rsed in emotional darkness, wisdom would void it. As far as line 18's â€Å"sight† is concerned, no dash is present because without light a visual cannot be seen and will remain in (a physical and mental) darkness. In these lines without a dash, darkness is not acting as a barrier. In this poem, a rhyme scheme doesn't seem to exist at first. Few of the lines rhyme, except for lines 14 and 16 and lines 18 and 19. However, the poem has fluidity despite its apparent scarcity of rhyme. After examining the alteration of syllables in each line, a pattern is revealed in this poem concerning darkness.The first nine lines alternate between 8 and 6 syllables. These lines are concerned, as any narrative is, with exposition. These lines set up darkness as an internal conflict to come. The conflict intensifies in lines 10 and 11 as we are bombarded by an explosion of 8 syllables in each line. These lines present the conflict within one's own mind at its most desperate. After this climax, the syllables in the last nine lines resolve the conflict presented. In these lines, Dickinson presents us with an archetypal figure that is faced with a conflict: the â€Å"bravest† hero.These lines present the resolution in lines that alternate between 6 and 7 syllables. Just as the syllables decrease, the falling action presents us with a final insight. This insight discusses how darkness is an insurmountable entity that, like the hero, we must face to continue â€Å"straight† through â€Å"Life† (line 20). The next seemingly arbitrary decision is Dickinson's capitalization. The capitalization at the beginning of the sentence must be capitalized; therefore, we'll focus on the capitalizations that lie within each sentence. In this poem, each of these words is a noun.Past this simple reading, what may we deduce from these capitalizations? Each stanza presents a different set of capitalized objects which lend themselves to the interpretation that darkness is a b arrier. It is no mere coincidence, that like the darkness they reference, these objects are not easily read. The poem presents itself as a narrative, but when you want to seek a connection between these capitalized objects, you feel you've hit a wall – an impasse. In poem 554, Dickinson presents us with another frustrating statement when she asserts â€Å"I had not minded – Walls –†.In a similar way, this poem Dickinson is satisfied with the elusiveness that the darkness presents. She takes delight in contradiction and abstraction. In a letter sent to T. W Higginson on June 8, 1862, Dickinson states that she â€Å"[has] no tribunal† (255). Dickinson, like her poetry, is a paradox. In her house she was Emily Elizabeth Dickinson, yet in her poetry and letters takes on the form of the enigmatic â€Å"Your Scholar† or â€Å"E. Dickinson† (Letters 263-278). However, without seeming too presumptuous with a direct correlation to the poet, th ese objects remain impenetrable.The objects could be interpreted as external entities, yet each when internalized represents a concept inaccessible. For example, in poem 428, we find the â€Å"Moon† and â€Å"Star,† objects present in darkness of the sky, not characterized in the usual way we symbolically represent them. The â€Å"Moon† doesn't represent an omen – â€Å"sign† – and the â€Å"Star† is found â€Å"within† reach instead of far away. This is further evidenced when the â€Å"Bravest† in relation to the â€Å"Tree† do not act how we expect. We expect figures exemplifying courage to undergo immense – not â€Å"little† – obstacles and to always – not â€Å"sometimes† – encounter them (as represented by the tree).But what of all the poems that argue the opposite, that the darkness represents a potential limitless portent to freedom? Indeed poem 428's metaphorical d arkness could be interpreted as a veil that covers a deeper hidden truth. In fact, darkness takes on a myriad of manifestations, such as shadow, in Dickinson's poetry. In â€Å"Presentiment – is that long shadow – on the Lawn† (#487), Dickinson uses a â€Å"long shadow† in apposition with a â€Å"presentiment†. A presentiment is an intuition about the future (usually of something evil). In this instance, a limiting of light presents us with an indicator to further wisdom.In another poem, â€Å"In Ebon box, when years have flown† (#180), the darkness that covers the â€Å"box† is manifested as â€Å"velvet dust / Summers have sprinkled there! † A mere â€Å"wiping away† is all it takes to unlock what's hidden inside. In these poems, darkness is never directly referenced – only alluded to. However, in Dickinson's poetry, darkness need not solely be alluded to. In â€Å"Through the dark sod as education† (#559 ), the deeper theme of darkness explicitly leads to potential knowledge. In poem 559, the â€Å"Lily† is an entity known to thrive in the light of day (and perhaps even Dickinson herself).Then, why is the image of the â€Å"Dark Sod† brought in? Dickinson certainly could have chosen to utilize night, a period that flowers encounter every night. However, through this uncommon embodiment of lawn, Dickinson exposes darkness as an omnipresent force. Even for a â€Å"Lily,† darkness is a commonplace occurrence. However, here a head on confrontation with an omnipresent force doesn’t block the pursuer from realizing a deeper meaning. Thus, the â€Å"Lily† needs the darkness for redemption. Poem 559 presents darkness as a metaphor we shouldn't have â€Å"trepidation† or â€Å"fear† for.In the second stanza, Dickinson advances her exploration of darkness. In the â€Å"meadow,† the â€Å"Lily† acknowledges the darkness that it fac ed by reflecting on its recent â€Å"Mold-life†. The â€Å"Mold† in the garden-variety setting of the poem has the destructive power to devour and delineates passing of time. However, to ignore the first part of the hyphenated expression, the word â€Å"Mold,† would be to ignore the power of darkness' influence. Mold itself could refer back to the process of forming (both physical creation and the mental process undergone throughout life by the mind).In this poem, the â€Å"Lily† undergoes a transformative process that leaves it forever in â€Å"Extasy†. Ecstasy here is an interesting consequence when we consider Dickinson's own thoughts on the matter. On their first meeting, Dickinson said to T. W. Higginson, â€Å"I find ecstasy in living; the mere sense of living is joy itself† (Letters 264). (Therefore, if we conclude that ecstasy is an effect of darkness, then we could deduce that Dickinson believed it vital element since life is compri sed of birth and death. ) The flower in the poem is mutated and enhanced through the period of darkness it experiences.This poem could be seen as a musing on the human condition that befalls us all. A matter relatable and universally understood that life is a never-ending struggle which we all engage. The individual will emerge from the hardships, like â€Å"Dark Sod,† once they come to the realization that light cannot exist without its antithesis, darkness. Just as light cannot exist without its opposite, a discourse on metaphorical darkness in Emily Dickinson's poetry would not be complete without an inclusion of metaphorical light.However, light is such a commonly used word, that expressions expounding its revelatory nature have become cliches. To go beyond these two analyses, we must reveal the destructive nature underlying light. In â€Å"There's a certain slant of light† (#320), Dickinson explicates light in a novel way. In this poem, the setting is a â€Å"Win ter Afternoon. † From the very first line, the poet maintains a bias against the light. In the season of winter, it is expected for light to rarely appear. As a New England resident, Emily Dickinson knew this fact well. This poem, unlike many of Dickinson's poetry, does not extol nature or light.Unlike its usual connotation, Dickinson presents a light that contradicts what we expect and that instead exhibits a complicated nature. Interestingly enough, the light at work in this poem is found to be oppressive, despite nature superseding its position. Why then is light oppressive? The answer to this query is arrived at if we carefully decipher Dickinson's diction choice. In this poem, we can argue that change is epitomized by the â€Å"certain Slant of light† as a turning point for transformation. This slant of light is oppressive, but this is no simple, purely negative oppression.Rather, like darkness, it is both hard and worthwhile. The diction is heightened in the third stanza, when the poem 320’s speaker states how light cannot â€Å"teach† a lesson. An experience of painful transition is deemed more important. This experience is characterized by the stress placed on the word â€Å"Any. † The word both ends the physically written line and limits the expounded experience. Further explored, the turmoil disclosed is revealed not as a collective one by the diction choice an â€Å"imperial affliction. † It is almost as if a privileged group can only experience the transformation.In one word, Dickinson refashions light from universal emblem of revelation to a symbol of an exclusive human experience. However, taking light metaphorically where we never thought it could, Dickinson shows how easily transmuted these externals – light and dark – (which we’ve internalized and thought we knew) are. In Dickinson's first letter to T. W. Higginson on April 16, 1862, she asked him, â€Å"Are you too deeply occupied to say if my verse is alive? †(253) The irony lies in the fact that Dickinson’s verse is so alive that Emily Dickinson continues to rewrite the traditional modes of literature convention past her own lifetime.

How the Core of Nursing Helps to Prevent Abuse in Age Care

How the Core of Nursing Helps to Prevent Abuse in Age Care There have many numerous abuses by physicians and nurses alike. Is it right? Is it justifiable? Of course, the answer is no. The nursing profession has a code of ethics, just like other professions that spell out what professional behavior is acceptable in the profession. The code of ethics puts accountability on nurses to show compassion, dignity, and respect to patients and others alike. As patients go through the aging process, they lose abilities for activities of daily living and sometimes dementia sets in causing elderly patients to sometimes become irritable and combatable. This creates tough situations for nurses. Nurses can have foul language and, even punches, thrown at them. The ability to handle the situation without showing disrespect or abuse to the patient takes a great deal of training, care, and thought. 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